WELL CONSTRUCTION CODE ADMINISTRATIVE RULES

Filed with the Secretary of State on April 5, 1994.

These rules take effect 15 days after filing with the Secretary of State

(By authority conferred on the department of public health by sections 33 and 63 of Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, as amended, and section 12714 of Act No. 368 of the Public Acts of 1978, as amended, being ''24.233, 24.263, and 333.12714 of the Michigan Compiled Laws)

PART 1. WELL CONSTRUCTION CODE

R 325.1601 Definitions; A.

R 325.1601a Definitions; B.

R 325.1602 Definitions; C, D.

R 325.1603 Definitions; G to M.

R 325.1603a Definitions; N, O.

R 325.1604 Definitions; P.

R 325.1605 Definitions; R to T.

R 325.1606 Definitions; W, Y.

R 325.1607 Terms defined in the act.

R 325.1608 Authorized activities.

R 325.1610 Adoption of standards and specifications.

R 325.1611 Application of rules to existing water supplies.

R 325.1612 Compliance with regulations and local codes.

R 325.1613 Deviations from minimum standards.

R 325.1621 Location and construction of wells generally.

R 325.1622 Wells; distances from contamination sources.

R 325.1624 Wells; relation to buildings and access for maintenance.

R 325.1625 Wells; areas subject to flooding.

R 325.1626 Construction of wells; steel casing.

R 325.1627 Construction of wells; steel casing and types of joints.

R 325.1631a Construction of wells; PVC casing dimensions.

R 325.1631b Construction of wells; PVC casing material standards.

R 325.1631c Construction of wells; PVC well casing joints.

R 325.1631d Construction of wells; examination of pipe.

R 325.1632 Construction of wells; casing diameter, depth, termination, and installation procedures.

R 325.1632a Construction of wells; driven well points.

R 325.1633 Rescinded.

R 325.1633a Construction of wells; grouting.

R 325.1634 Rescinded.

R 325.1634a Construction of wells; grouting rotary-bored or augered wells

R 325.1635 Construction of wells; grouting driven casing wells.

R 325.1636 Rescinded.

R 325.1637 Construction of bedrock wells.

R 325.1637a Verification of well grouting.

R 325.1638 Construction of flowing artesian wells.

R 325.1639 Construction of wells; well screens; lead packers, lead plugs, lead wool and certain drilling fluids prohibited; requirements for steel pipe used as screen riser pipes, blanks, or tailpipes; well pumping rate; temporary capping; well alignment; drilling water; requirements when using chlorine or other well rehabilitation chemicals .

R 325.1640 Certification of water well components.

R 325.1641 Abovegrade well casing connections.

R 325.1642 Belowground well casing connections.

R 325.1651 Construction of room housing pumping equipment or well casing; location of pump or pumping equipment in single- family dwelling permitted; access required for repair and maintenance of water supply system components.

R 325.1652 Rescinded.

R 325.1653 Pump construction, installation, design, and maintenance.

R 325.1653a Pump installation; hand pumps.

R 325.1654 Pump installation; water suction lines.

R 325.1655 Pump installation; water service lines.

R 325.1656 Pump installation; pressure tanks.

R 325.1656a Pump installation; venting of gases.

R 325.1657 Pump installation; vents.

R 325.1657a Pump installation; well caps and seals.

R 325.1658 Pump installation; sampling faucets.

R 325.1661 Disinfection of well and pumping equipment.

R 325.1662 Abandoned wells and dry holes; persons responsible for plugging; removal of debris and obstructions; wells taken out of service when municipal water is installed.

R 325.1663 Abandoned wells and dry holes; plugging method.

R 325.1664 Abandonment of wells; plugging materials.

R 325.1665 Plugging of dug wells and crock wells.

R 325.1666 Rescinded.

R 325.1667 Plugging wells drilled by person other than property owner or registered well drilling contractor.

R 325.1668 Order to plug abandoned well or dry hole.

R 325.1669 Owner and contractor responsibility for plugging abandoned wells

R 325.1670 Temporarily abandoned wells.

R 325.1671 Rescinded.

R 325.1672 Storage reservoirs.

R 325.1673 Provision of notice of health hazard to person using contaminated water supply

R 325.1674 Other water sources.

R 325.1674a Water supply cross-connections.

R 325.1675 Well records.

R 325.1676 Pump installation records.

PART 2. DRILLING CONTRACTORS' AND PUMP INSTALLERS' REGISTRATION

R 325.1701 Qualifications.

R 325.1701a Proof of work experience.

R 325.1702 Grandfather clause.

R 325.1703 Submission of applications.

R 325.1704 Advisory board's evaluation of applicants.

R 325.1705 Rescinded.

R 325.1705a Out-of-state applicants.

R 325.1706 Examinations.

R 325.1707 Denial of applications.

R 325.1707a Suspension or revocation of certificate; denial of renewal application.

R 325.1708 Initial certificate; nontransferability; content; renewal certificate; content; notice of change in applicant information; notice of loss of registered contractor representative.

R 325.1709 Reinstatement of expired and revoked certificates.

R 325.1711 Public representations and advertising.

PART 3. DRILLING MACHINES AND SERVICE VEHICLES

R 325.1721 Well drilling machine registration.

R 325.1722 Identification on well drilling machines and service vehicles.

PART 1. WELL CONSTRUCTION CODE

R 325.1601 Definitions; A.

Rule 101. (1) "Abandoned water well" means any of the following:

(a) A well which has its use permanently discontinued.

(b) A well which is in such disrepair that its continued use for the purpose of obtaining groundwater is impractical.

(c) A well which has been left uncompleted.

(d) A well which is a threat to groundwater resources.

(e) A well which is or may be a health or safety hazard.

(2) "Act" means Part 127 of Act No. 368 of the Public Acts of 1978, as amended, being ''333.12701 to 333.12715 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.

(3) "Annular space" means the space between 2 cylindrical objects, 1 of which surrounds the other, such as the space between a borehole wall and a permanent casing or between a temporary casing and a permanent casing.

(4) "Approved basement" means a basement which has walls and a floor that are constructed of concrete or its equivalent, which is reasonably watertight, which is properly drained, and which is in ordinary daily use.

(5) "Aquifer" means a subsurface water-bearing geologic material that transmits water in sufficient quantities to supply a well.

R 325.1601a Definitions; B.

Rule 101a. (1) "Basement offset" means a below grade well room or pump room which has walls and a floor that are constructed of concrete or its equivalent, which is reasonably watertight, and which is attached directly to, and drained into, an approved basement in a manner that provides access for the maintenance of water supply system components.

(2) "Bedrock" means consolidated and continuous geologic material, such as limestone, dolomite, shale, sandstone, basalt, or granite.

(3) "Bentonite" means a plastic, colloidal clay which has an extensive ability to absorb fresh water and swell in volume and which is composed predominantly of the mineral montmorillonite.

(4) "Bentonite chips" means bentonite that is crushed to an approximate size range of 3/8 to 3/4 of an inch.

(5) "Bentonite grout" means a slurry which consists of bentonite and water and which has a high solids concentration and a minimum density that meets specifications approved by the department. A slurry of drilling fluid bentonite and water or drilled cuttings, either singularly or in combination, is not bentonite grout.

(6) "Bentonite pellets" means bentonite that has been processed into pellet or tablet form with a diameter of 1/4 to 1/2 of an inch.

R 325.1602 Definitions; C, D.

Rule 102. (1) "Casing" means an impervious durable pipe that is placed in a well to prevent the walls from caving and to prevent surface drainage, undesirable water, gas, or other fluids, from entering the well.

(2) "Coliform group" means all of the aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas formation within 48 hours at 35 degrees Celsius.

(3) "Concrete grout" means a mixture of cement, sand, and water in the proportion of 1 bag of cement (94 pounds), an equal volume (1 cubic foot) of dry sand or gravel aggregate, and not more than 6 gallons of clean water.

(4) "Confining layer" means geologic material which has a low hydraulic conductivity, which is 5 feet or more in thickness, and which impedes or prevents vertical groundwater movement.

(5) "Contaminant" means a biological, chemical, physical, or radiological constituent in water that is or may become injurious to the public health, safety, or welfare.

(6) "Date of completion" means the date on which the installation of the pump or pumping equipment was completed, the date on which well drilling was completed if a pump or pumping equipment will not be installed or will be installed by a person other than the well drilling contractor, or the date on which the water supply system is placed into service after the collection of water samples pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1661.

(7) "Department" means the state department of public health.

(8) "Dewatering well contractor" means an individual, partnership, or corporation which is qualified to engage in dewatering well construction and dewatering well pump installation and which constructs or installs dewatering wells, plugs abandoned dewatering wells, or supervises such work.

(9) "Dewatering well pump installer" means an individual, partnership, or corporation which is qualified to engage in installing and operating dewatering pumps and which installs and operates dewatering pumps or supervises such work.

(10) "Director" means the director of the department or an authorized representative.

(11) "Drilling fluid bentonite" means bentonite that is processed into a powdered form for use as a viscosifier and filtrate reducer in drilling operations.

(12) "Dry hole" means an open borehole or cased borehole that does not produce water in sufficient quantity for the intended use.

R 325.1603 Definitions; G to M.

Rule 103. (1) "Geologic material" means all materials that are penetrated in drilling a well.

(2) "Granular bentonite" means bentonite that has an approximate size range of 1/32 to 1/8 of an inch.

(3) "Ground surface" means the intended or actual finished grade of the surface of the ground at the well site, which shall be consistent with the surrounding land surface.

(4) "Groundwater" means the water in the zone of saturation that fills all of the pore spaces of the subsurface geologic material.

(5) "Grout" means a material that has a low permeability, such as neat cement, bentonite grout, bentonite chips, bentonite pellets, granular bentonite, or other materials which have equivalent sealing properties and which are approved in writing by the department before use.

(6) "Grouting" means the placement of grout into the annular space that surrounds a permanent casing for the purpose of sealing the annular space to prevent the entrance or migration of surface water, near surface water, and contaminants to the groundwater and to maintain the natural protection of aquifers.

(7) "Health officer" means the administrative officer who is in charge of a full-time local health department or an authorized representative.

(8) "Installation of pumps and pumping equipment" means the selection of, and procedure employed in the placement and preparation for operation of, pumps and pumping equipment, including any construction that is involved in making an entrance to the well and also means installing a pitless adapter, well cap, pump drop pipe, suction line, discharge line, water service line, or pressure tank.

(9) "Liner pipe" means a permanent casing installed within another permanent casing or open borehole subsequent to initial construction of the well.

(10) "Municipality" means a city, village, township, county, district, or other public body that is created by or pursuant to state law or any combination of such units acting cooperatively or jointly.

R 325.1603a Definitions; N, O.

Rule 103a. (1) "Neat cement" means a mixture of 1 bag of Portland cement (94 pounds) and not more than 6 gallons of fresh water. Drilling fluid bentonite that is not more than 5% by weight of cement and additional water that is not more than 0.6 gallons for each 1% of bentonite may be added to neat cement. Other additives and admixtures shall be approved by the department before use.

(2) "Overburden" means unconsolidated geologic material, such as gravel, sand, silt, and clay, that overlies bedrock.

R 325.1604 Definitions; P.

Rule 104.(1) "Permanent casing" means durable, impervious pipe placed or driven into the borehole and left in place to maintain the well opening.

(2) "Pitless adapter" means a device or assembly of parts which will permit water to pass through the wall of the well casing or extension thereof and which provides access to the well and to the parts of the water supply system within the well in a manner to prevent the entrance of contaminants into the well and the water produced.

(3) "Potable water" means water which is free of contaminants in concentrations that may cause disease or harmful physiological effects and which is safe for human consumption.

(4) "Pressure tank" means a closed water and air storage container that modulates the water supply system pressure within a selected range.

(5) "Priming" means the filling of a pump with water and the action of starting the flow in a pump.

(6) "Pumping equipment " means equipment or materials that are used or intended to assist a pump in withdrawing groundwater from a well, including any of the following:

(a) Seals and other safeguards to protect the water from contamination.

(b) Associated fittings.

(c) Intake and discharge piping.

(d) Controls to provide sanitary water storage facilities and deliver water to a distribution piping system.

(7) "Pump room" means an enclosed structure which is either above ground surface or located within or attached to an approved basement and which houses a pump or pumping equipment.

(8) "Pumping water level" means the distance measured from the ground surface to the water surface in a well that is being pumped.

(9) "PVC" means polyvinyl chloride plastic.

R 325.1605 Definitions; R to T.

Rule 105. (1) "Recharge well," as used in section 12701 of the act, means a well used to discharge groundwater into an aquifer.

(2) "Static water level" means the distance measured from the ground surface to the water surface in a well that is neither being pumped nor under the influence of pumping.

(3) "Suction line" means a pipe or line that is connected to the inlet side of a pump or any pipe or line connected to a casing or pump which is or may be at less than atmospheric pressure (0 psig).

(4) "Sump" means a shallow excavation into the ground in which the side walls may be supported by material other than steel casing. Water may enter the sump by drainage over the ground or by seepage through the side walls and bottom.

(5) "Surface water" means water that rests or flows on the surface of the ground.

(6) "Temporarily abandoned well" means a well that is not in use, but intended by the owner to be used as a source of groundwater.

(7) "Temporary casing" means durable pipe placed or driven into a borehole to maintain an open annular space around the permanent casing during construction of a well.

(8) "Test well," as used in section 12701 of the act, means a well that is used to obtain information on groundwater quantity, quality, or aquifer characteristics for the purpose of designing or operating a water supply well.

R 325.1606 Definitions; W, Y.

Rule 106. (1) "Wastewater" means a liquid waste that includes any of the following:

(a) Human excreta.

(b) Wastes from a sink, lavatory, bathtub, shower, or laundry.

(c) Any other liquid waste of organic or chemical nature, either singularly or in combination.

(2) "Water supply system" means a well, pump, and pumping equipment.

(3) "Well," as defined in section 12701 of the act, also includes all of the following:

(a) "Water supply well," which means a well that is used to provide potable water for drinking or domestic purposes.

(b) "Irrigation well," which means a well that is used to provide water for plants, livestock, or other agricultural processes.

(c) "Heat exchange well," which means a well for the purpose of utilizing the geothermal properties of earth formations for heating or air conditioning.

(d) "Industrial well," which means a well that is used to supply water for industrial processes, fire protection, or similar nonpotable uses.

(4) "Well drilling" means any of the following:

(a) Constructing, reconstructing or repairing a well.

(b) Operating a well drilling machine.

(c) Installing or removing casing or a well screen.

(d) Well grouting.

(e) Well development.

(f) Well rehabilitation.

(g) Hydrofracturing.

(h) Chemical treatment of a well.

(i) Plugging abandoned wells.

(5) "Well house" means an enclosed structure which is located above the ground surface and which houses a well or water supply system.

(6) "Well log" or "water well record" means a record of information about a specific well as provided for in section 12707 of the act.

(7) "Well seal" means a device to prevent the entrance of contaminants into the top of a well casing.

(8) "Well used temporarily for dewatering," as used in section 12701 of the act, means a well that is used to lower the groundwater level temporarily at a construction site.

(9) "Vent" means an outlet which is at the upper terminal of a well casing and which allows the equalization of air pressure in the well.

R 325.1607 Terms defined in the act.

Rule 107. The terms defined in the act have the same meanings when used in these rules.

R 325.1608 Authorized activities.

Rule 108. (1) A registered well drilling contractor may perform the well drilling activities that are set forth in R 325.1606(4) and pump installation activities that are set forth in R 325.1603(8).

(2) A registered pump installer may perform the pump installation activities that are set forth in R 325.1603(8), but shall not perform well drilling activities that are set forth in R 325.1606(4).

R 325.1610 Adoption of standards and specifications.

Rule 110. (1) These rules refer to the following standards and specifications of nationally recognized organizations or associations, which were in effect on October 1, 1993, and are adopted by reference in these rules:

(a) The following standards of the American society for testing and materials, which are available at a cost as of the time of adoption of these rules of $12.00   each from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103:

(i) ASTM specification A 53-90b, "Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless."

(ii) ASTM specification A 106-91, "Standard Specification For Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service."

(iii) ASTM specification A 589-89a, "Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon Steel Water-Well Pipe."

(iv) ASTM specification F 480-90, "Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Water Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR)."

(v) ASTM specification D 1785-91, "Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Schedules 40, 80, and 120."

(vi) ASTM specification D 2239-89, "Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter."

(vii) ASTM specification D 2241-89, "Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)."

(viii) ASTM specification D 2662-89, "Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Pipe Based on Controlled Inside Diameter."

(ix) ASTM specification D 2666-89, "Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing."

(x) ASTM specification D 2737-89, "Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing."

(xi) ASTM specification C 150-89, "Standard Specification for Portland Cement."

(b) American petroleum institute (API) specification 5L, 1990, "Specification for Line Pipe," which is available at a cost as of the time of adoption of these   rules of $8.00 each and the API "Specification for Materials and Testing for Well Cements," API specification 10, 1990, which is available at a cost as of the   time of adoption of these rules of $12.00 each. Both specifications may be obtained from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, Northwest,   Washington, DC 20005.

(c) American national standards institute (ANSI)/national sanitation foundation (NSF) "Standard Number 60 for Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals - Health Effects," 1988, and ANSI/NSF "Standard Number 61 for Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects," 1990, and ANSI/NSF "Standard Number 14 for Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials," 1989, which are available at a cost as of the time of adoption of these rules of $45.00 each from the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF), 3475 Plymouth Road, P. O. Box 1468, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106.

(2) The standards and specifications adopted by reference in subrule (1) of this rule are available for inspection and purchase at the office of the Michigan Department of Public Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health, Division of Water Supply, 3423 North Logan/Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., P. O. Box 30195, Lansing, Michigan 48909.

R 325.1611 Application of rules to existing water supplies.

Rule 111. (1) When extensive changes or repairs are made to a water supply system that was constructed before the effective date of these amendatory rules, the changes or repairs shall be in compliance with the provisions of these rules unless a deviation is issued pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1613. Extensive changes include replacing the entire casing, removing a casing from the ground, or changing aquifers.

(2) Upgrading a water supply system to conform with these rules is not required when minor repairs to the system occur, such as any of the following:

(a) Replacing a telescoped well screen.

(b) Changing screen elevation.

(c) Deepening or plugging back a bedrock well.

(d) Installing a liner pipe.

(e) Replacing a pump, controls, pump drop pipe, or pressure tank.

(f) Chemical treatment of the well or well disinfection.

R 325.1612 Compliance with regulations and local codes.

Rule 112. A person who installs a well, pump, or pumping equipment shall comply with applicable laws, regulations, ordinances, and codes, including all of the following:

(a) Act No. 399 of the Public Acts of 1976, as amended, being '325.1001 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws. (safe drinking water act)

(b) Act No. 266 of the Public Acts of 1929, as amended, being '338.901 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws. (state plumbing code)

(c) Act No. 154 of the Public Acts of 1974, as amended, being '408.1001 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws. (occupational safety and health act)

(d) Act No. 53 of the Public Acts of 1974, as amended, being '460.701 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws. (utility damage prevention act)

(e) Act No. 217 of the Public Acts of 1956, as amended, being '338.881 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws. (electrical administrative act)

(f) Act No. 331 of the Public Acts of 1976, as amended, being '445.901 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws. (consumer protection act)

(g) Any local code of a municipality which regulates the installation of a well, pump, or pumping equipment and which is not less restrictive than these rules. If a local board of health, in the discharge of its duties to protect the public health, deems it necessary to establish requirements that are more stringent than these rules, it shall do so and file a record of the requirements with the director. Well drilling contractors who drill wells in the counties that are affected by the more stringent requirements shall be notified, in writing, by the department or local health department not less than 5 days before the effective date of the modified requirements.

R 325.1613 Deviations from minimum standards.

Rule 113. (1) A health officer, in the discharge of his or her duty to protect the public health, may issue a deviation from the provisions of specific rules as provided for in this rule, if the spirit and intent of these rules are observed and the public health, safety, and welfare are assured.

(2) Rules or parts of rules, specific minimum standards, requirements, and conditions for which deviations may be permitted are as follows:

(a) The provisions of R 325.1611(1) may be deviated from to permit a water service line to remain in a condition that is not in compliance with the provisions of these rules when extensive changes or repairs to a water supply system are made if the water service line is located beneath a permanent structure or pavement.

(b) The provisions of R 325.1622 may be deviated from as follows:

(i) A well may be located closer than the specified minimum distance to a potential or known source of contamination if the dimensions of the property on which the well is to be located do not permit compliance with the specified minimum distances and if any of the following conditions exist:

(A) Hydrogeologic data indicate that the direction of groundwater flow at the contamination source is away from the well.

(B) The depth of the well and depth of grouting of the casing that is specified by a health officer as a condition of the deviation will provide equivalent protection of groundwater quality and the public health.

(C) The well is being constructed to replace an existing water supply well that is located on a site where a habitable structure exists.

(ii) A well may be required to be located more than the specified minimum distance from a potential or known source of contamination if the minimum specified distance will not protect groundwater quality or the public health due to local groundwater conditions, geology, or other factors.

(iii) A well may be located closer than the specified minimum distance, but not closer than 10 feet, to a pressurized sewer that meets all of the following requirements:

(A) The sewer pipe and joints have been pressure tested, after installation, to not less than 100 pounds per square inch and have been determined to be watertight.

(B) The sewer pipe and joints meet or exceed the standards of ASTM specification D 1785-91 or D 2241-89. The specifications are adopted by reference in R 325.1610.

(C) The sewer has a wall thickness that is equivalent to, or thicker than, schedule 40 or SDR 21.

(iv) A health officer may require a study of the hydrogeological conditions of a site to support a deviation issued pursuant to the provisions of this subrule.

(c) The provisions of R 325.1624(1)(a) may be deviated from to permit a well to be located closer than 3 feet to a building, pump room, or any projection thereof if all of the following conditions exist:

(i) The well is replacing an abandoned well.

(ii) The dimensions and features of the property on which the well is to be constructed do not permit location of the well to be in compliance with the specified minimum distance.

(iii) Access for maintenance of the well is provided.

(d) The provisions of R 325.1632(3) may be deviated from to permit a well casing to extend less than 25 feet below the ground surface if the well will not be used to supply water to habitable structures or for human consumption and if both of the following conditions exist:

(i) The well and water supply system are clearly and permanently identified as not being suitable for human consumption or body contact.

(ii) The well and water supply system are separated from any potable water supply system on the premises.

(e) The provisions of R 325.1632(3) may be deviated from to permit a well casing to extend less than 25 feet below the ground surface if there is reason to believe that potable water of suitable quantity does not exist at a reasonable depth of more than 25 feet and if either of the following conditions exists:

(i) The distance between the well and a potential or known source of contamination is increased pursuant to the provisions of subdivision (b)(ii) of this subrule.

(ii) A confining layer is present above the aquifer that will be used by the shallow well.

(f) The provisions of R 325.1634a(1) may be deviated from to permit the length of casing to be grouted for rotary-bored or augered wells to be decreased if the well is more than 100 feet deep and if a confining layer is not penetrated.

(g) The provisions of R 325.1637 may be deviated from to require that a well casing extend more than 25 feet below the ground surface if there is reason to believe that nonpotable water is or may be present in the upper bedrock.

(h) The provisions of R 325.1638(2) may be deviated from to permit flowing well discharge if the well owner or the well owner's representative demonstrates any of the following:

(i) Control of the flow is not practical.

(ii) Control of the flow will likely result in the production of sand or turbidity in the water.

(iii) The discharge is for a beneficial use.

(3) Deviations from the rules listed in subrule (2) of this rule shall be made, in writing, by a health officer and shall state the reasons for each deviation. A health officer may require special well construction features as a condition for the issuance of a deviation and may require well construction features that are more stringent than these rules when deemed necessary to protect the groundwater quality or the public health. Reasons for the issuance of a deviation or special well construction features as a condition for the issuance of a deviation by a health officer shall be based upon any of the following factors:

(a) Site hydrogeology.

(b) Site topography.

(c) Site dimensions.

(d) Soil Characteristics

(e) Depth of well.

(f) Type of well.

(g) Well pumping rate.

(h) Well drilling method.

(i) Distance from contamination sources.

(j) Presence of groundwater contamination.

(k) Other similar factors.

R 325.1621 Location and construction of wells generally.

Rule 121. (1) All of the following provisions apply to well location:

(a) A well shall be located with due consideration of all of the following:

(i) Lot size.

(ii) Hydrogeology.

(iii) Site topography.

(iv) Soil characteristics.

(v) Other factors that are necessary to implement the provisions of these rules.

(b) A well shall be located so that the well and its surrounding area can be kept in a sanitary condition.

(c) A well shall be located so that access to the well for maintenance is provided.

(d) A well shall be located so that damage and personal injury do not result from contact with utilities during the construction or service of the well.

(2) A well shall be adequate in size, design, and development for the intended use giving due consideration to local groundwater conditions.

(3) All of the following provisions apply to well construction:

(a) A well shall be constructed to maintain existing natural protection against the contamination of aquifers.

(b) A well shall be constructed to exclude all known sources of contamination from the well.

(c) A well shall be constructed, equipped, and operated to prevent unnecessary discharge from flowing wells.

R 325.1622 Wells; distances from contamination sources.

Rule 122. (1) A well that furnishes water for any beneficial use shall be located where it is not subject to contamination. Groundwater contaminant movement is influenced by the type of contaminant, groundwater flow direction and velocity, and other hydrogeologic, geologic, and geochemical factors. If available, hydrogeologic data shall be used to select well location. Where possible, a well shall be located upgradient of a potential or known source of contamination. A well shall be located the maximum practical distance from a potential or known source of contamination. The following minimum horizontal distances shall be maintained when locating a well:

(a) Eight hundred feet from either of the following:

(i) The active work area of a landfill, as defined in R 299.4101.

(ii) Land surface application of septage waste, as defined by section 2 of Act No. 181 of the Public Acts of 1986, being '325.312 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.

(b) Three hundred feet from any of the following:

(i) Land application or subsurface injection of effluent or digested sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment facility.

(ii) Oil and gas wells.

(iii) Petroleum product processing or storage facilities.

(iv) Underground or abovegrade storage tank systems of not less than 1100 gallons which are regulated under Act No. 423 of the Public Acts of 1984, as amended, being '299.701 et. seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws, when secondary containment as defined by Act No. 423 of the Public Acts of 1984, as amended, is not provided.

(c) One hundred and fifty feet from a preparation or storage area for fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, or other chemicals that might contaminate the soil or groundwater.

(d) Fifty feet from any of the following:

(i) A buried sewer, other than a sewer that is specified in subdivision (g) of this subrule.

(ii) A septic tank.

(iii) A subsurface disposal field.

(iv) A dry well.

(v) A sewage pump chamber.

(vi) A pressurized sewer.

(vii) A grease trap.

(viii) A seepage pit.

(ix) A cesspool.

(x) An animal or poultry yard.

(xi) An outhouse.

(xii) Any other wastewater handling or disposal unit or site of liquid wastes draining into the soil.

(e) Fifty feet from underground or abovegrade storage tank systems which have a capacity of not less than 1,100 gallons, which are regulated pursuant to the provisions of Act No. 423 of the Public Acts of 1984, as amended, being '299.701 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws, and which have secondary containment as defined in Act No. 423 of the Public Acts of 1984, as amended.

(f) Fifty feet from underground or abovegrade storage tank systems which have a capacity of less than 1,100 gallons and which store motor or heating fuels for noncommercial purposes or consumptive use on the premises where the fuel is stored.

(g) Ten feet from any of the following:

(i) A buried gravity-flow sewer that is constructed of service weight or heavier ductile-iron pipe with watertight joints, schedule 40 PVC plastic with watertight joints, or other material and joints that are approved, in writing, by the director.

(ii) A sump, pit, or unfilled space that is below the ground surface, except for a crawl space.

(iii) A surface water body, such as a lake, pond, river, or stream.

(2) The health officer who is responsible for enforcement of this rule may deviate from the minimum isolation distances in this rule pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1613, either increasing or decreasing the minimum isolation distances for individual well installations.

(3) A well that serves a public water supply, as defined pursuant to the provisions of Act No. 399 of the Public Acts of 1976, as amended, being '325.1001 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws, shall be isolated from contamination sources in accordance with requirements specified in R 325.10101 et seq.

(4) A well owner shall be responsible for maintaining the isolation distances that are specified in the provisions of R 325.1622 and R 325.1624 for property that is owned by the well owner.

R 325.1624 Wells; relation to buildings and access for maintenance.

Rule 124. (1) A well shall be located not less than 3 feet horizontally from a building, pump room, or any projection thereof, unless a deviation is issued pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1613.

(2) A well shall be accessible for cleaning, treatment, repair, testing, inspection, and other attention as may be necessary. A well owner shall maintain access to a well for a well drilling machine.

R 325.1625 Wells; areas subject to flooding.

Rule 125. (1) A well shall not be located in an area that is subject to flooding unless the well is protected as prescribed, in writing, by the health officer.

(2) A well owner shall grade the ground surface that is immediately adjacent to the well casing so surface water is diverted away from the well.

R 325.1626 Construction of wells; steel casing.

Rule 126. (1) Steel pipe that is used as permanent well casing shall be new pipe that is manufactured in compliance with the standards of ASTM specification A 53-90b, A 106-91, or A 589-89a or in compliance with the standards of API specification 5L-90. The specifications are adopted by reference in R 325.1610.

(2) Steel pipe that is used as permanent well casing shall be at least standard weight or schedule 40 through 10 inches inside diameter. Larger diameter pipe shall be at least standard weight. Weights and dimensions of standard weight or schedule 40 pipe are set forth in ASTM specification A 53-90b, A 106-91, and A 589-89a, API 5L-90 specification, and in table 1.

Table 1

Steel Well Casing

Pipe Weights and Dimensions*

* Dimensions and tolerances are listed in the specifications adopted in R 325.1610.

(3) Each length of steel pipe that is used as permanent well casing shall be legibly marked, by the manufacturer, with all of the following information:

(a) The name of the manufacturer.

(b) The kind of pipe (continuous welded, electric resistance welded, or seamless).

(c) The weight or schedule.

(d) The nominal or outside diameter.

(e) The specification number.

(f) The length.

(g) The heat or lot number.

R 325.1627 Construction of wells; steel casing and types of joints.

Rule 127. (1) Steel pipe that is used as permanent well casing shall be watertight throughout its length and shall have threaded or welded joints.

(2) Couplings that are used on threaded steel casing shall be recessed or reamed and drifted couplings that are manufactured in compliance with the standards of ASTM specification A 589-89a or API specification 5L-90. The specifications are adopted by reference in R 325.1610. Couplings shall have a design, taper, and type of thread that is consistent with the thread of the pipe and threads shall not be exposed on the pipe.

(3) Welded joints shall be in compliance with the specifications of table 2 and provide a structurally sound and watertight joint. Pipe ends shall be free of oil, grease, heavy rust, paint, or other foreign materials, except for tightly adherent mill scale. The weld bead shall be chipped and brushed to remove slag and other extraneous materials between passes.

Table 2

MINIMUM NUMBER OF PASSES

FOR WELDING STEEL CASING

Pipe Diameter (Inches)	Minimum Number passes
4	2
5	2
6	3
8	3
10 or larger	4

R 325.1631 Rescinded.

R 325.1631a Construction of wells; PVC casing dimensions.

Rule 131a. (1) PVC pipe that is used as permanent casing shall be new pipe that is manufactured in compliance with the standards of ASTM specification F 480-90, which is adopted by reference in R 325.1610.

(2) PVC pipe that is used as permanent casing shall be SDR 21 or heavier. PVC pipe that is installed at depths of more than 200 feet shall be SDR 17 or heavier.

(3) PVC pipe that is used as permanent well casing shall have an outside diameter and minimum wall thickness as specified in table 3. Dimensional standards for PVC pipe are specified in ASTM specification F 480-90.

Table 3

DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS

OF PVC WELL CASING AND LINERS

R 325.1631b Construction of wells; PVC casing material standards.

Rule 131b. (1) PVC pipe that is used as permanent casing shall be new pipe that is in compliance with ASTM specification F 480-90, which is adopted by reference in R 325.1610.

(2) Each length of PVC pipe that is used as permanent well casing shall be legibly marked, by the manufacturer, with all of the following information:

(a) The nominal pipe size.

(b) The standard dimension ratio (SDR).

(c) The type of plastic (PVC 1120 or PVC 1220).

(d) The wording "well casing."

(e) The impact classification (IC).

(f) A designation that the pipe is in compliance with the provisions of ASTM specification F 480-90.

(g) The manufacturer's name or trademark.

(h) The manufacturer's code for resin manufacture.

(i) The lot number and date of manufacture.

(j) A certification mark that verifies that the pipe is in compliance with the provisions of ANSI/NSF standard 14.

(3) Casing pipe that is manufactured from thermoplastic materials other than PVC shall be in compliance with the provisions of ASTM specification F 480-90, which is adopted by reference in R 325.1610, and shall be used only with the written prior approval of the director.

R 325.1631c Construction of wells; PVC well casing joints.

Rule 131c. (1) PVC well casing joints shall be deep socket bell ends or couplings that are manufactured in accordance with ASTM specification F 480-90, which is adopted by reference in R 325.1610.

(2) PVC casing fittings shall be legibly marked with all of the following information:

(a) The nominal well casing pipe coupling size.

(b) The type of plastic.

(c) A designation that the fittings are in compliance with the provisions of ASTM specification F 480-90.

(d) The manufacturer's name or trademark.

(e) A certification mark that verifies that the fittings are in compliance with the provisions of ANSI/NSF standard 14.

(3) PVC well casing joints shall be formed utilizing a 2-step solvent cementing process that is consistent with the provisions of ASTM specification F 480-90. The pipe ends shall be free of burrs, dust, or moisture that might interfere with the solvent weld. A primer or welding solvent shall be used before cementing. The primer, welding solvent, and solvent cement shall be compatible with the pipe being coupled and the ambient temperature at the time of use and shall be in compliance with the provisions of R 325.1640.

(4) Screws or similar mechanical fasteners shall not be used for joining PVC well casing.

(5) PVC well casing joints which are not of a bell end configuration or are not made utilizing a 2-step solvent cementing process shall be approved, in writing, by the director before use.

R 325.1631d Construction of wells; examination of pipe.

Rule 131d. Pipe which is intended for water well use and which is sold within the state, regardless of specification designation, shall be subject to random examination by the director. Any lot of pipe that contains defective lengths or lengths which are not in compliance with the specifications required in these rules shall not be used in the construction of a well.

R 325.1632 Construction of wells; casing diameter, depth, termination, and installation procedures.

Rule 132. (1) Steel pipe that is used as permanent casing shall have an inside diameter of not less than 2 inches, except as provided in R 325.1632a.

(2) PVC pipe that is used as permanent casing shall have an inside diameter of not less than 5 inches, except if the pipe is installed as liner pipe. PVC well casing shall be installed only in an oversized borehole without driving.

(3) A casing shall extend not less than 25 feet below, and terminate not less than 12 inches above, the ground surface. A well that has less than 26 feet of casing shall not be used without obtaining written approval from the health officer pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1613.

(4) The top 25 feet of a well casing shall not be used as a suction line unless the well casing is protected by a standard weight or heavier outer casing. The top of both casings shall be finished pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1641 and R 325.1643.

(5) A driven steel permanent casing shall be protected by a drive shoe.

(6) In a paved area, the health officer may approve, in writing, a casing termination of 2 inches or more above the ground surface if the area is not subject to flooding, if the connections and openings are threaded or welded and watertight, and if acceptable casing venting is provided.

R 325.1632a Construction of wells; driven well points.

Rule 132a. (1) Steel pipe that is used as permanent casing for a driven well point shall not be less than 1 1/4 inches inside diameter.

(2) A driven well point shall not be used as a water supply well without the written approval of the health officer.

R 325.1633 Rescinded.

R 325.1633a Construction of wells; grouting.

Rule 133a. (1) Shale traps, cementing baskets, packers, or other devices shall not be used to suspend grout above an open annular space. Excessive development, washing, shoveling of cuttings, or other similar activities shall not be used to induce collapse of the borehole wall or to reduce the amount of open annular space surrounding a permanent casing.

(2) Neat cement or bentonite grout shall be placed through the permanent casing or a grout pipe from the bottom of the annular space upward to the ground surface in a continuous operation without interruption. The density of grout flowing from the annular space at the ground surface shall be the density of the grout being pumped in.

(3) A permanent casing shall be installed in a borehole that has a diameter of not less than 2 inches larger than the nominal size of the permanent casing, except as provided in subrule (4) of this rule and R 325.1635.

(4) When grout is placed through a grout pipe outside the permanent casing, the borehole diameter shall be not less than 2 7/8 inches larger than the nominal casing size.

(5) An annular space between a permanent casing and temporary casing shall be grouted during temporary casing removal by pumping neat cement or bentonite grout, or by pouring bentonite chips, bentonite pellets, or granular bentonite, into the annular space. Granular bentonite shall not be poured into an annular space that contains drilling fluid or water.

(6) Neat cement shall be allowed to set a minimum of 24 hours when standard type I, type Ia, or high-early type III cement is used. If bentonite is added to neat cement, the grout shall be allowed to set a minimum of 48 hours before drilling operations are resumed.

R 325.1634 Rescinded.

R 325.1634a Construction of wells; grouting rotary-bored or augered wells

Rule 134a. (1) A well that is constructed by rotary, auger, or other drilling method where the permanent casing is placed in an oversized borehole shall be grouted with neat cement or bentonite grout, pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1633a, the entire length of the casing. If a well screen is installed, the annular space shall be grouted from a point not more than 10 feet above the top of the well screen up to the ground surface.

(2) The depth of grouting may be decreased by the health officer pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1613(2)(f).

R 325.1635 Construction of wells; grouting driven casing wells.

Rule 135. A well that is constructed by cable tool, hollow rod, jetting, or other drilling method where the permanent casing is driven shall be grouted pursuant to either of the following provisions:

(a) Where temporary casing or oversized borehole is not used or where the temporary casing or oversized borehole is less than 25 feet in depth, dry granular bentonite shall be maintained around the permanent casing as it is being driven.

(b) By installing a temporary casing or oversized borehole not less than 3 inches larger than the nominal size of the permanent casing and extending not less than 25 feet below the established ground surface and grouting the annular space surrounding the permanent casing pursuant to the provisions of R 325.1633a.

R 325.1636 Rescinded.

R 325.1637 Construction of bedrock wells.

Rule 137. (1) Where bedrock is encountered within 25 feet of the ground surface, an oversized borehole shall be drilled and the permanent casing shall be grouted with neat cement for a minimum depth of 25 feet.

(2) In an area where a well can be developed only in fractured, jointed, or cavernous bedrock, the c