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U39. Are partners deemed to own each others' holdings by attribution under section 318 of the Internal Revenue Code?

No. Section 318 of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") establishes the attribution rules for constructive ownership of stock for federal income tax purposes. IRC sections 318(2) and 318(3) address the attribution rules for partners and partnerships. Under IRC §318(2), stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for a partnership is considered as owned proportionately by its partners. Conversely, under IRC §318(3), stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for a partner is considered as owned by the partnership.

However, under IRC §318(5)(c), a partnership that constructively owns a partner's stock by application of the attribution rules as stated in IRC §318(3) cannot use the attribution provisions of IRC §318(2) to make another partner the constructive owner of such stock. For example, if partner A owns 100% of the stock in corporation C, and partner B owns 100% of the stock in corporation D, the partners are not deemed to own each other's stock merely because partnership AB is considered a constructive owner of all stock in both corporations by attribution under IRC §318(3).

The Department makes use of the IRC §318 attribution rules to determine if a group of persons meets the ownership or control tests necessary to form a unitary business group under section 117 of the MBT act (MCL 208.1117). In the example given above, corporations C and D and partnership AB could be part of the same unitary group because more than 50% of the ownership interest in each corporation is deemed to be owned or controlled by the same person, partnership AB, through attribution under IRC §318. However, IRC §318(5)(d) would operate to prevent corporations C and D from being considered brother-sister corporations (because partners A and B are not deemed to own each others stock), and therefore corporations C and D alone could not constitute a unitary business group for MBT.

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