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E-bikes in Michigan
E-bikes in Michigan
A DNR land use order approved in August 2024 expanded operation of electric bicycles (e-bikes) on state-managed trails and pathways currently open to bicycles. Whether you can ride an e-bicycle on a state-managed trail depends on several factors, including the e-bike's class, the type of trail and whether the authority that manages or oversees the trail allows the use
Read more about this change in this Showcasing the DNR article.
E-bike classes
E-bikes are separated into three classes based on several attributes. A permanent label must be affixed on the e-bike that accurately identifies its class type. After purchase, if the bike is altered in a way that changes its class type, a new label meeting the legal criteria must be affixed that accurately identifies the new class type.
An e-bike is a bicycle that has a small rechargeable electric motor that can give a boost to the pedaling rider or can take over pedaling completely. To qualify as an e-bike in Michigan, the bike must meet the following requirements:
- It must have a seat or saddle for the rider to sit.
- There must be fully operational pedals.
- It must have an electric motor of no more than 750 watts (or 1 horsepower).
Riding Class 1 and 2 e-bikes on DNR-managed trails and pathways currently open to bicycles
Class 1 e-bikes
Allowed on improved-surface trails, linear trails, (paved or gravel/asphalt) and natural-surface nonmotorized bicycle trails/pathways in state parks, recreation areas, and state forest pathways and roads.
E-bikes are not allowed on state game and wildlife areas, congressionally authorized trails such at the North Country Trail or on these three pathways in the Pigeon River Country: High Country; Shingle Mill; and Pickerel Lake.
Class 2 e-bikes
If a cyclist has a DNR-issued permit (no cost) for mobility issues, Class 2 e-bikes are allowed in all areas open to Class 1 e-bikes.
Class 3 e-bikes are not allowed on any state-managed nonmotorized trail.
Riding e-bikes on city, county and state roads
You can ride Class 1, 2 and 3 e-bikes on all roads where a non-electric bicycle can be ridden. Additionally, you may operate an e-bike on any part of a highway that is open to a bicycle, including, but not limited to, a lane designated for the exclusive use of bicycles on the shoulder.
What's required for each class?
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Allowed on roads and bike lanes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Allowed on linear paved trails | Yes, but can be regulated | No | No |
Allowed on nonmotorized, natural surface trails (i.e. mountain bike trails) | No, but can be authorized | No, but can be authorized | No |
Allowed on motorized, natural surface trails (such as ORV trails) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Minimum age to operate | None | None | 14 |
Rider required to wear helmet | No | No | Yes, if ages 14-18 years |
Rider must pedal for motor to engage | Yes | No | Yes |
Maximum speed for motor assist | 20 | 20 | 28 |
Additional information
For a full definition of the laws surrounding e-bikes in Michigan, please view section 257.662a of the Michigan Vehicle Code.