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Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
Status of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Michigan
What is Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza?
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), commonly called “bird flu,” is a virus found among various species of birds. HPAI viruses can infect domestic poultry, which includes chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail, ducks, geese, and guinea fowl. For more information on current detections in domestic poultry across the U.S., please visit the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s webpage.
HPAI infects a wide variety of other birds, including wild migratory waterfowl. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) considers the risk to people from these HPAI infections in wild and domestic birds to be low.
Current Status in Michigan
In early September, the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) detected a new case of highly pathogenic avian influenza in domestic backyard poultry.
Cases of the disease continue to be found in Michigan’s wild birds and mammals, so it is important now to take every step possible to protect domestic birds from this virus.
HPAI has been detected in Branch County, Eaton County, Genessee County, Ingham County, Lapeer County, Kalamazoo County, Livingston County, Macomb County, Menominee County, Muskegon County, Oakland County, Saginaw County, Sanilac County, Tuscola County, Washtenaw County, and Wexford County.
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News Releases
March 13, 2023 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Eaton County Backyard Flock
December 27, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Sanilac County Backyard Flock
October 11, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Genessee County Backyard Flock
October 6, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Lapeer County Backyard Flock
September 30, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Tuscola County Backyard Flock
September 13, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Ingham County Backyard Flock
June 13, 2022 - MDARD Director Lifts the Stop on Poultry and Waterfowl Exhibitions
May 6, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Oakland County Backyard Flock
April 30, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Branch County Backyard Flock
April 28, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Wexford County Backyard Flock
April 27, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Saginaw County Backyard Flock
April 18, 2022 - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Washtenaw County
Hotlines
Please Note: HPAI is NOT evidenced by one dead bird or one coughing/sneezing bird while the remainder of the flock is acting normally. Instead, for small flock owners, look for two or more dead birds within a 24-hour period and symptoms in the rest of the flock (not eating, acting lethargic or sleepy with eyes closed, tucking their head close to their body, and appearing to be puffed up).
The following hotlines are available for reporting suspected HPAI infections:
DOMESTIC BIRDS:
800-292-3939 (daytime)
517-373-0440 or 412-847-2255 (after-hours)
WILD BIRDS:
517-336-5030
Eyes in the Field (Michigan Department of Natural Resources Online Form)
Biosecurity
Whether you have a few backyard birds or a large commercial flock, following these biosecurity measures can help protect Michigan’s domestic birds:
- Preventing contact between domestic and wild birds by bringing them indoors or ensuring their outdoor area is fully enclosed.
- Washing your hands before and after handling birds as well as when moving between different coops.
- Disinfecting boots and other gear when moving between coops.
- Not sharing equipment or other supplies between coops or other farms.
- Cleaning and disinfecting equipment and other supplies between uses. If it cannot be disinfected, discard it.
- Using well or municipal water as drinking water for birds.
- Keeping poultry feed secure so there is no contact between the feed/feed ingredients and wild birds or rodents.
More Biosecurity Resources
Small/Backyard Flock Owners:
Avian Influenza Information from MSU Extension Service
Backyard Biosecurity Video with Dr. Nancy Barr
Cleaning and Disinfecting for HPAI (PDF)
Protect Your Flock - Infographic (PDF)
Commercial Producers:
Center for Food Safety and Public Health Iowa State University Avian Influenza Information
Eggs and Byproducts | SECURE POULTRY SUPPLY (umn.edu)
Turkeys | SECURE POULTRY SUPPLY (umn.edu)
Wildlife Rehabilitators:
National Biosecurity Resources from USDA:

Wildlife Management : Preventing Access to Barns and Other Facilities (PDF)
Wildlife Management : Reducing Water Access (PDF)
Wildlife Management : Protecting Food Resources (PDF)
Captive Wild Life Biosecurity (PDF)
Public Health
Human Safety
CDC News Release: U.S. Case of Human Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Reported (4/28/22)
CDC: Bird Flu Virus Infections in Humans
CDC: The Risk of HPAI Infection in People is Low
CDC: Avian Influenza Information
APHIS: PPE Recommendations during an HPAI Response (PDF)
Michigan Local Health Department Map
Food Safety
The management and elimination of HPAI disease includes practices that ensure no poultry products (meat or eggs) from HPAI positive flocks enter the food chain. As a reminder, it is essential that people follow proper food safety practices when handling and cooking all poultry and eggs products.
As a reminder, it is safe to eat properly handled and cooked poultry in the United States. The proper handling and cooking of poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of 165˚F kills bacteria and viruses, including HPAI viruses.
Avian Influenza Testing in Meat-Type Chickens—from USDA
For Veterinarians
World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Avian Influenza Information
Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory’s Avian Influenza Resources
For Fairs and Exhibitions
Frequently Asked Questions: Poultry and Waterfowl Exhibition Stop is Lifted (PDF)
For Animal Control Officers
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Basics for Shelters (PDF)
General Resources
How to Recognize a Sick Bird - Poster (PDF) - Updated May 2022
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Basics - FAQ (PDF) - Updated May 2022
Indemnity and Compensation when Your Flock is Infected (PDF) - from USDA
List of Key Resources for HPAI – Infographic (PDF)
Michigan Poultry Veterinarians GIS Map
Surveillance Zones & Control Areas: Definitions and Expectations - Infographic (PDF)
Farmer Stress and Mental Health Resources
MDARD/FRSAN Legacy of the Land grants / MSU Extension Farm Stress Program Resources
MSU Extension Teletherapy Program
MSU Extension partners with a therapy provider to provide telehealth services to farmers, farm families and workers.
Michigan Farm Bureau Stress and Mental Health Resources