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What's the Scoop on Raw Milk in Michigan?

The Michigan Department of Agriculture & Rural Development (MDARD) number one priority is assuring the food grown, transported and processed in the state is safe and wholesome.

Selling raw milk or raw milk products is illegal in Michigan. The exception is raw milk cheeses produced in a licensed and inspected facility and properly aged.

What are the Dangers of Raw Milk?

Raw milk is milk that hasn’t been pasteurized, which means it can contain harmful bacteria that can make people sick. These bacteria—like E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria—can cause severe illnesses, including diarrhea, vomiting, kidney failure, and even death.

Milk, as an animal product, is fundamentally different from other agricultural commodities sold off the farm such as fruits and vegetables.

Raw milk has not been pasteurized to kill harmful bacteria, presenting a health risk to consumers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warn about the risks associated with consuming unpasteurized milk products. Raw milk can carry dangerous pathogens, such as Brucella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, E. coli, Listeria, Mycobacterium, and Salmonella, which pose serious health risks and can cause illnesses like diarrhea, stomach cramping, and vomiting, resulting in kidney failure, stroke, other serious health conditions, and/or death. With few exceptions, such as manufacturing of raw milk cheese aged according to regulatory requirements, production and sale of raw milk and raw milk products is a violation of Michigan’s Manufacturing Milk Law, Public Act 267 of 2001, and the Michigan Food Law, Public Act 92 of 2000, as amended.

Michigan’s Leadership in Milk Pasteurization and Public Health Protection

In 1948, Michigan was the first state to require that all milk sold to consumers be pasteurized. Pasteurization is simply the process of heating milk for a defined period of time to a specific temperature, effectively killing most or all of the harmful pathogens present in raw milk. Because of this practice, the spread of diseases such as diphtheria, streptococcal infections, typhoid fever, brucellosis, tuberculosis, listeriosis, and campylobacteriosis through the milk supply has been virtually eliminated. The Michigan Legislature reaffirmed this important food safety principle in 2001 when it continued the prohibition on the sale of unpasteurized (raw) milk to consumers through a rewrite and update of the state's dairy laws. FDA banned the interstate shipment of unpasteurized (raw) milk to consumers in 1987, garnering the United States worldwide recognition as having the gold standard for milk safety and reducing the annual number of raw milk-related illness outbreaks by about half.

How MDARD Can Help

MDARD works diligently to help farmers add value to their products and establish small, on-farm pasteurization plants for safely bottling milk and making cheese and/or selling directly to the public. Michigan's dairy laws do not prohibit dairy farmers from selling milk directly to consumers if the farms meet pasteurization requirements. MDARD encourages small, on-farm pasteurization plants and direct sales to consumers are allowed when products are safe and wholesome.

Michigan consumers deserve the public health benefits provided by safe, wholesome, pasteurized dairy products. The state's pasteurization requirements have successfully protected our consumers for more than 50 years and the Michigan Department of Agriculture strongly advocates all consumers drink only safely pasteurized milk.

For more information about raw milk and milk pasteurization, please visit the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition online call the toll-free hotline at 1- 888-INFO-FDA.