Michigan became the 26th state in 1837, and its early Treasurers faced the monumental task of continuing to build a financial system from the ground up. They managed funds during a time of rapid growth, launching infrastructure projects like roads and canals — while still navigating the national economic crisis caused by the Panic of 1837.
Education was also a priority. Each township was required to form school districts, and state funds were distributed based on the number of students between ages 5 and 17. After 1843, multiple municipalities could combine to make a “union school district.” One “union school” replaced multiple one-room schools and divided the students into grades. Some communities achieved free tuition for these schools. An act in 1859 required high schools in districts with 200 students or more, causing taxpayers to argue about the legality of raising taxes to fund non-primary schools.
Treasury played a key role in managing land sales that funded education, including those granted under federal laws like the Morrill Act. These funds supported primary schools, the expanding University of Michigan system, and the emerging State Normal School and Michigan State College. These schools developed branches that began educating boys and girls—sometimes in separate “female departments.”
By 1866, the Civil War had left its financial mark. Michigan’s Treasurer was now responsible for war debts, veteran support, and stabilizing the post-war economy. As the state continued to grow, so did the complexity of its finances—and the importance of strong fiscal leadership.
