PFAS Sites and Areas of Interest
There are two major classes of firefighting foam: Class A and Class B. Class B is also called Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) and is usually created using PFAS. It is a highly effective foam used for fighting high-hazard flammable liquid fires, like gasoline, oil, and jet fuel.
Wastewater Treatment Plants / Industrial Pretreatment Program
Laboratories Offering Home Testing
PFAS MCLs and Drinking Water
Statewide Testing Initiative
Official Correspondence
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Please contact the Site Lead for the most up-to-date status of this site.
These plants receive residential, commercial, and sometimes industrial wastewater that may contain PFAS. Conventional wastewater treatment plants are not designed to treat for PFAS, therefore PFAS may pass through the treatment system to surface waters (i.e., lakes, rivers, etc.) and groundwater. EGLE is actively working with these wastewater treatment plants to address PFAS.
For more information, please see the Wastewater Workgroup page.
Kevin Wojciechowski, WojciechowskiK@Michigan.gov or 616-215-4781.
The Kalkaska Wastewater Treatment plant (WWTP) is located at 1005 Island Lake Road NW and is permitted to discharge 219,000,000 gallons of treated municipal wastewater per year. The treatment plant utilizes active sludge treatment that discharges to rapid infiltration seepage beds. The treated wastewater is discharged to the ground under a state Groundwater Discharge Permit issued to the Kalkaska WWTP. The wastewater treatment facility was upgraded in 2003. The facility receives municipal wastewater from the Village of Kalkaska.
Groundwater samples were collected by EGLE in November 2022. The highest result was 20.9 ppt for PFOS (compared to 16 ppt).
The groundwater flows to the west/northwest. At this time no waterbodies have been impacted.
Content posted June 2023.
See an aerial view of the location of the site.
In early June 2023, EGLE sampled one residential well near the WWTP. Once these results, and the results of groundwater monitoring of the entire groundwater well network are received and evaluated, EGLE, DHHS, and the local health department will determine if additional residential wells should be sampled.
EGLE will continue to work with Village of Kalkaska, Kalkaska WWTP, DHHS, and local health to evaluate the risk to nearby receptors.