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Effects of Domestic Violence on Children

Effects of Domestic Violence on Children

Understanding How Domestic Violence Impacts Children’s Safety and Well‑Being

Research shows that as many as 10 million children see or experience some form of domestic violence each year. This can include seeing or hearing the violence or noticing the results of it, such as bruises or broken items in the home. Even when adults think children are unaware, studies show that 80 to 90% of children know the violence is happening. Exposure to domestic violence can seriously affect a child’s health, emotions, behavior, and development.

Below are some common effects:

Physical Effects

  • Children may have headaches, stomachaches, or other unexplained pain.
  • They may get sick more often, feel very tired, or have trouble with digestion.
  • Bed‑wetting can occur, even in older children.
  • Long‑term stress from violence can affect how a child’s brain develops.

Behavioral Effects

  • Children may act out with aggression, anger, or destructive behavior.
  • They may have trouble focusing, sitting still, or completing schoolwork.
  • Sleep problems, including nightmares, are common.
  • Some children may lie, run away, or engage in risky behaviors.
  • Over time, these challenges can lead to school problems, substance use, or legal trouble.

Emotional Effects

  • Many children believe the violence is their fault.
  • They may feel scared, anxious, ashamed, angry, lonely, or helpless.
  • They often worry about the safety of their parent, siblings, and themselves.
  • Some children develop depression, anxiety, post‑traumatic stress, or other mental health conditions.

Social Effects

  • Children may have trouble trusting adults or forming healthy relationships.
  • They may withdraw from friends or avoid social activities.
  • Without support, some children may repeat patterns of violence or enter unhealthy relationships as adults.