Love rocks? So do our over 70 geologists working throughout our programs! One of the more fun advantages to having geologists on staff is we always have someone to call when we need help identifying a cool rock we found.
Our geologists have helped identify several interesting Michigan finds over the years, and have provided some rockhounding tips to help you find treasures of your own.
A translucent cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, characterized by colors arranged in alternating stripes or bands; found in virtually all colors, but mostly reds, browns and greens due to iron. It is commonly formed in cavities in volcanic rock.
Agates are often used to make jewelry and can be found along the Lake Superior shoreline of the Upper Peninsula.
Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula is the most important locality in the world for pure native copper. Over 5 million tons of refined copper were recovered from Keweenaw native copper deposits, from 1845 until 1968.
The copper occurs in various rock types and ranges in size from microscopic to large masses.
A soft (hardness of 2, can be scratched by a fingernail) white or colorless mineral in its purest form, commonly having tints of gray, red, yellow, blue, or brown. Gypsum is used to make wallboard, as a soil enhancer, as an additive in some Portland cements and in making plaster of Paris.
Gypsum is mined near Tawas City and has been mined near Grand Rapids.
A common iron mineral (Fe203) occurring in metallic looking, steel-gray or iron-black crystals or in deep-red or red-brown earthy forms; it has a distinctive reddish-brown streak on unglazed porcelain.
It is found on the Precambrian iron ranges of Michigan's western Upper Peninsula.
The State Stone of Michigan. A fossil colonial coral found only in rock strata known as Traverse Group, a part of the Devonian age rocks found in Michigan near the City of Petoskey.
Glaciers helped distribute Petoskeys to many areas in the state.
A black or gray variety of hematite with a shiny metallic luster, often showing iridescence. Has the same streak as hematite. It occurs in layered masses with tabular: or disk-like crystals.
It is found on the Precambrian iron ranges of Michigan's western Upper Peninsula.
No matter the rock or mineral, you can count on these rock identification techniques to help you identify your find. Most common minerals can be identified by their basic physical properties in the field, such as:
This content was originally posted as a MI Environment article in 2026 and was written by Evin Maguire, senior geologist in the Materials Management Division.
Every Michigander knows about Petoskey stones – rare treasures that can be found on countless beaches on Michigan’s lower peninsula. Some more savvy rockhounds may even know that they are fossil corals in the genus Hexagonaria, dating back to the Devonian Period some 350 million years ago.
While most common on up north beaches, they can also be found farther south, with known collecting localities from the public beach in Frankfort to Fort Gratiot County Park.
They can also be found inland and have been uncovered in many sand and gravel mines across the state.
While Petoskey stones may be among the most prized fossil finds on Michigan beaches, there are a wealth of other fascinating fossils to be found while combing for ancient treasures. More information is available on our Michigan fossils webpage!
This content was originally posted as a MI Environment article in 2025 and was written by Kent Walters, a geologist in the Materials Management Division of the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE).
May 22, 2025 - Rocks in fields, rocks on the beach, rocks in the hole you’re trying to dig, but where do all these rocks come from in Michigan? The answer to this question begins thousands of years ago during the last glacial maximum in Michigan.
Approximately 30,000 years ago temperatures started to cool which allowed significant growth of large icesheets worldwide. One of these ice sheets known as the Laurentide Ice Sheet grew rapidly, migrating through Canada, and into the United States.
The Laurentide Ice sheet was so large, and so powerful that it broke off, pulverized and carried along rocks of all sizes and varieties as it grinded over the Canadian landscape. At one point, the entire State of Michigan was covered by ice. When temperatures started to warm again, and the ice retreated back north, it left behind all the hitchhikers that it picked up while traveling through Canada. Geologist call rocks that have been transported by glaciers glacial erratics. Glacial erratics vary in size with some that can be larger than your car!
As a trained glacial geologist and a rockhound on the weekends, I grew an appreciation for the Laurentide Ice Sheet and all the glacial erratics it left behind.
It’s almost certain that if you pick up one rock, the one next to it will be completely different and unique. Many rockhounds like to travel to specific places to look for specific rocks or minerals, but I would argue that some of the most interesting and unique rocks can be found at your local beach or farm field right here in Michigan. In Michigan, the most commonly sought-after glacial erratics by rockhounds include puddingstones, lightning stones, Yooperlites®, or Lake Superior agates.
Puddingstone is a general description of a quartzite conglomerate with bright red jasper inclusions. Lightning stones were formerly known as septarian nodules, and Yooperlites® are minerals called sodalite that fluoresces under a black light. Beyond these most sought-after glacial erratics, there are plenty more unique, interesting and beautiful rocks to find.
So where is the best place to hunt for rocks? Like morel mushroom hunters, many rockhounds keep those locations a secret, but we can look to glacial geology to give us one clue for where a good rock hunting location might be. During the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet it sometimes left behind distinct features called glacial moraines. These are features that typically marked the position of the Laurentide Ice Sheet where it piled up a range of unconsolidated soil types and glacial erratics. While it’s not difficult to locate glacial moraine features with the available surficial geology maps, the hard part is finding a location to easily access the rocks.
Finding locations where glacial moraines intersect a Great Lake, however, allows the constant wave action to do the hard work for you. Decades and decades of constant erosion of these glacial moraine bluffs allows the wave action to erode out the many glacial erratics that are contained within. While the soil is washed away, a beach full of rocks can be left behind.
Glacial moraines are just one of many tips that can be used to find a good rock hunting location, and there are plenty of other rock collecting locations that are not related to glacial moraines. Sometimes the annual plowing of a farm field can be just as fruitful. Once you start paying attention, glacial erratic rocks start popping up everywhere.
Rockhounding is fun but be mindful to seek permission to collect rocks on private properties and know that collecting rocks on public properties is limited by the State of Michigan to 25 pounds per person annually.
This content was originally posted as a MI Environment article in 2024 and was written by Mary Ann St. Antoine, a senior environmental quality analyst in the Marquette District Office of the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE). St. Antoine offers tips on how to find and identify agates, an ornamental stone.
July 1, 2024 - Michigan rock hounding is a favorite pastime for locals and tourists alike. There are so many pretty, colorful, lake smoothed pebbles found on the beaches of the Great Lakes. One of the most coveted pebbles is the elusive Lake Superior agate.
Agates are colorful banded rocks which are mainly composed of chalcedony – a variety of quartz. They’re formed when gas bubbles in lava leave a hole or “vesicle” in the rock. Silica rich solutions flow into the hole in the host rock and fill it up over time, making the bands. Different chemicals in the silica rich solution cause bands to be different colors. The volcanic rock is weathered away and the harder agates are released from the softer host rock.
Agates are sometimes hard to identify, even for the experts. I found my favorite agate in Grand Marais. It was rusty brown, pock marked with no bands on the outside. I almost threw it away as a dud. I was so excited when I took it out of the tumbler, and it was the most beautiful banded purple amethyst!
The bright bands are a dead giveaway but usually the inside vibrant bands in the agate can’t be seen from the unpolished outside of the rock. Look for a dull waxy luster. Often, they are red, orange or brown with a pock-marked surface. Agates are translucent. Sometimes this is hard to tell from the outside - hold them up to the light and see if they transmit a little light.
Find a Lake Superior beach that has lots of exposed pebbles. A good time to look is after a storm when the waves have washed up new pebbles. Some of my favorite agate places in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan are Whitefish Point in Paradise, Muskallonge State Park north of Newberry, Grand Marais Beach, Bay Furnace Beach in Munising, Pebble or Dog Beach in Marquette, Agate Beach and Misery Bay in Toivola, Black River Harbor Beach in Ironwood, and Eagle River Beach in the Keweenaw.
Agates can also be found in rivers with pebbles and in gravel quarries. Surprisingly, many beautiful agates have been found in the landscaping pebbles at shopping centers!
Spend an afternoon walking along a sunny Michigan beach picking pretty pebbles. Maybe you’ll find a keeper.
If you’re not in the mood for looking for agates but would like to see some beautiful specimens, the A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum located on the campus of Michigan Technological University in Houghton has world’s best collection of Michigan minerals including many beautiful agates. The Ernest Kemp Mineral Resources Museum on the campus of Lake Superior State University in Sault Ste. Marie has many specimens from all over the world as well as many unique local varieties of minerals including agates.
June 5, 2023 - Yooperlite® is a fluorescent rock (Sodalite syenite) that glows “in the dark” under ultraviolet light. The rock first became known when a U.P. resident discovered them in 2017.
Rob Wolfe, an environmental quality analyst in our Marquette District Office, has been a rockhound in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula for 50 years and has some tips on how to find Yooperlite® on your next trip.
In normal light, a Yooperlite® looks like granite. Sodalite replaces quartz, so the larger the mineral size, the brighter the shine. There are roughly five classes of Yooperlites:
“The largest was about the size of a baseball, but I would say based on the size of gravel where I search, most are the size of a ‘pinky nail’ to thumbnail length,” Wolfe notes. “I have seen cantaloupe-sized ones found in Houghton County or from divers. There is a limit to how much one can take from public beaches.”
Yooperlites® can be found as loose pebbles and cobbles along many Lake Superior beaches and even in some inland gravel pits, but you won't find large rock outcroppings of them here in Michigan -- Yooperlites are actually from Canada! They are derived from igneous rocks near Marathon, Ontario known as the Coldwell Alkaline Complex and were transported into Michigan by glaciers during periods of continental glaciation.
January 4, 2022 - When Adventure Mining Company, a mine tour company in the Upper Peninsula town of Greenland, Mich., had recently pumped water out of the mine's subterranean third level, they spotted a bright blue mysterious mineral. It got the attention of MLive which featured a story about it, and the story quickly spread internationally. Commenters on social media offered their guesses as to what it may be.
It's unclear if the company is pursuing identification of the mystery material, but Melanie Humphrey, geologist at the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy's (EGLE) Upper Peninsula Geological Repository, known as a rock library, says said there are a number of methods that can be used to get clues. Find these identification methods listed on this page!
"Identifying physical properties can give clues about the chemical composition of a mineral," Humphrey noted. "However, a trip to the lab to perform analytical techniques that will provide the specific chemical makeup affords assurance of the identification of a mineral and is the only way to confirm discovery of a new one."
So far, the mineral has not been positively identified, although the mine company says it is a "secondary mineral that is caused by a reaction with air and water." Humphrey speculates it may be azurite, as it is associated with copper ores and can occur as bright blue. However, she cautions that color alone is not conclusive for identification.
August 3, 2020 - Back in 2020, WBCK-FM in Battle Creek asked listeners to help identify a rock found on the shores of Lake Huron, near Harrisville.
After reaching out to multiple experts to no avail, the next move was to find a geologist and ask their opinion. Before that happened, Mary Ann St. Antoine, one of our staff geologists, happened upon the WBCK article and was able to solve the mystery!
"Looks like a pyrite concretion (also known as a pyrite nodule). It appears that there may be a fossil - a crinoid calyx where the pyrite has replaced the original mineral. Pyrite replacement in fossils is common in the Devonian shale in Sylvania, OH." said Mary Ann. She also provided information on how to store her find, inside rice or silica packets to keep it from rusting.
Mary Ann, an avid geologist, has been passionate about rocks for decades. We sat down with her to learn more about her passion about Michigan geology. This content was originally posted as a MI Environment article in 2020.
I absolutely love geology and my family and friends complain because all vacations turn into geology field trips. When you look at the geology, it's everywhere and I see things that I find so exciting everywhere I go. Unfortunately, not everybody shares my excitement!
I graduated in 1990 from Lake Superior State University (LSSU) with bachelor's degree in geology. They have an excellent geology program — all their sciences really. I grew up in Toledo and my father took us fossil hunting in the area and that's where I first saw the pyrite replaced fossils (similar to the rock that Tina found.) The identification of the rock is not a big deal at all — any geologist would have recognized it.
My grandmother was from St. Ignace and we spent summers in the Upper Peninsula (U.P.) and I cried when I had to go home. I love the U.P., and it is one of the most beautiful places in the world. I moved to St. Ignace in 1976, married a local and raised my children here.
I worked at LMAS (Luce, Mackinac, Alger, Schoolcraft counties) District Health Department in Mackinac County in drinking water (geology related) in the 90s and then I worked at LSSU as the science lab manager for 15 years. I also worked as adjunct faculty teaching geology labs.
LSSU has a very field intensive curriculum and I went on most of their field trips — Ontario, Wisconsin, Appalachians, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Nevada, South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, and California — and I really got to understand geology over the years.
I started at EGLE in 2014. It was a hard decision to leave LSSU as I loved working around the young people. I am an environmental quality analyst here at EGLE and part of my job is hazardous waste (which I also did at LSSU) but part of my job is as a geologist for landfills. EGLE is the best employer — ever! They offer Plan C which allows employees to take of leave of absence up to three months. So LSSU picks me up as a contract employee and I still go on a yearly LSSU field geology trip in May.
I saw the article when it popped up on my news feed for "Michigan News" and I quickly emailed her the answer to her question about her rock. I never thought it would cause so much hoopla! Pyrite nodules (or concretions) are pretty common. Pyritization of fossils is common in some areas of the Midwest — like the Devonian shale where I grew up in northwest Ohio. I had pyritized trilobites and brachiopods that I had collected as a child. I lived in a swampy area in the eastern U.P., and they rusted so I warned the woman in the article about long-term storage of her rock. Her find is very beautiful, and I haven't ever seen one just like that before.
I'm not a big rock collector compared to some people. I had a friend that taught 5th grade science and the rocks that I collected on field trips, I gave to her for her student display. I do pick few agates and pretty rocks along the beach and I collect "omars" (omarolluks) — a graywacke that has a hemispherical void from where a concretion dissolved. They just look cool.
My advice to anybody that is interested in collecting rocks is to always look down. I have found some beautiful agates in parking lot gravel. Rocks also show up in the most unexpected places.
The State of Michigan has lots of information on the web about geology and is a wonderful resource. A great book for laymen, available in many libraries, is Geology of Michigan by John A. Dorr and Donald F. Eschman. If anybody is interested in geology, I recommend it as a career, and LSSU has great program.
There are many popular amateur rock identification groups on social media that you can join to post information about your find. You can also reach out to the Michigan Geological Survey.
For research purposes, check out our rock library, the Upper Peninsula Geological Repository.
Many of our positions require some educational background in geology. With a wide variety of positions throughout the State of Michigan and across our many agencies, the perfect career may be waiting for you!
