Skip to main content

The Bracero Program Resources: September 2024

References

Acosta, Anais and Flores González, Ramón, “Ramón Flores González,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed September 3, 2024.

Chavez, Leo. "1. The Latino Threat Narrative". The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, and The Nation, Second Edition, Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2013, pp. 23-47.

Driscoll, Barbara. Tracks North: The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II. Austin, TX: CMAS Books, Center for Mexican American Studies, University of Texas at Austin, 1998.

Espinosa M., “The Bracero Program: The Impact of Immigration on the American Farm Labor Market” (The Journal of American History, 1998.)

Gamboa, Erasmo. Mexican Labor and World War II: Braceros in the Pacific Northwest, 1942-1947. University of Texas Press, Austin, 1990.

Galarza, Ernesto. The Mexican Bracero Story: an Account of the Managed Migration of Mexican Farm Workers in California 1942-1960. San Jose: Rosicrucian Press, 1964.

García, J.R. (2018). The Bracero Program, 1942–1964. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History.

Garcia y Griego, Manuel and Monica Verea Campos. The Importation of Mexican Contract Laborers to the United States, 1942-1964: Antecedents, Operation, and Legacy. La Jolla: Program in United States-Mexican, University of California, San Diego, 1981.

Gaxiola, Manuel de Jesus Roman and U.S. Department of Labor, “Continuation of standard work contract,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed September 2, 2024.

Gonzalez, Gilbert & Vivian Price. Harvest of Loneliness. Films Media Group. 2010

Martin, Philip. Bracero 2.0: Mexican Workers in North American Agriculture (New York, 2023; Online Edition, Oxford Academic, 19 OCT. 2023), Accessed August 15, 2024.

Mieri, Magdalena and González Díaz, Saturnino, “Saturnino González Díaz,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed September 3, 2024.

Molina, Natalia. “Borders, Laborers, and Racialized Medicalization Mexican Immigration and US Public Health Practices in the 20th Century,” American Journal of Public Health 101, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): pp. 1024-1031.

Nadel, Leonard. “Officials take fingerprints from braceros while others wait in line to be processed at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed August 30, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “Braceros sit in a truck and wait to leave the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed August 30, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “Braceros were fumigated with DDT while others stand in line at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed August 30, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “Braceros fill lettuce into Cookie Head lettuce boxes and close them in a field in the Salinas Valley, California.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed August 30, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “Braceros sit on the edge of a Californian pepper field and have lunch.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed August 30, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “Braceros laying in bed in a big wooden barn in a camp in California.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed August 30, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “Braceros have a rest in front of a wooden barrack at a Californian camp.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed August 30, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “A nurse vaccinates a bracero while others wait in line at the Monterrey Processing Center, Mexico.,” National Museum of American History, Accessed September 2, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “Braceros spend their leisure time in a living quarter on a camp near McAllen, Texas.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed September 3, 2024.

Nadel, Leonard. “A bracero leans on a bunk bed in a living quarter of a Californian camp.,” Bracero History Archive, Accessed September 3, 2024.

Rosas, A.E. (2006). Flexible Families: Bracero Families' Lives across Cultures, Communities, and Countries, 1942-1964, University of Southern California ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2006. 3257752.

Valdés, Dennis Nódin. Al Norte: Agricultural Workers in the Great Lakes Region, 1917-1970. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

H-2A Employer Data Hub, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.

Additional School-Age Resources

Operation Wetback (1953-1954), ImmigrationHistory.org (includes lesson plan).

Edward Dennis. The Boy From Mexico: An Immigrant Story of Bravery and Determination (Based on a True Story), Mango Media, 2022. (Ages 5-8).

Grande, Reyna. The Distance Between Us: Young Readers Edition, Aladdin, 2017. (Ages 10-14).

Cantú, Francisco. The Line Becomes a River, Riverhead Books, 2018. (Ages 15 and up).

Additional Research Sources

Anderson, S. (2000). “The effect of IRCA on Employment and Earnings.” Journal of Labor Economics.

Baker, C., & Hargrove, W.  (1998). “The immigration reform and control act of 1986: A Retrospective.” International Migration Review.

Calavita, Kitty (1992) Inside the State: The Bracero Program, Immigration, and the I.N.S. (New York: Routledge): 19, 32-36.

Carrasco, “Bracero Program,” in Oboler and González, eds., Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latina, vol. 1: 221.

Cohen, D. (1999) “The Bracero program and its Influence on US Immigration Policy.” American Journal of Sociology.

Depression, War, and Civil Rights, US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives.

Egge, Peter. (2019) “Operation Wetback: The Forgotten Story of America’s largest Immigration Raid”. The New Press.

García, Juan R. (1980) Operation Wetback: The Mass Deportation of Mexican Undocumented Workers in 1954: 3, 142, 159-160.

Gonzales, Manuel. (2009) Mexicanos: A History of Mexicans in the United States, 2nd ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press: 123, 177.

Gonzalez, Gilbert. (2005) “Recruiting, processing and Transporting Bracero Labor to the United States,” In Gilbert Gonzalez, Guest Workers or Colonized labor? Mexican labor Migration to the United States (London: Routledge)

H-2A Employer Data Hub | USCIS

H-2B Employer Data Hub | USCIS

H-2A-Violations-Primer.pdf (farmworkerjustice.org)

Hernandez, Kelly L. ((2006). The Crimes and Consequences of Illegal Immigration: A Cross-Border Examination of Operation Wetback. 1943-1954.” Western Historical Quarterly (Winter): 421-444.

Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette. (1994). Gendered Transitions: Mexican Experiences of Immigration. University of California Press.

Martin, P. (2024). Bracero 2.0: Mexican Workers in North American Agriculture. Oxford University Press.

Martin, P. (1994). The Bracero Program: Interest Groups and Foreign Policy. University of California Press.

Massey D.S., Arango,J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pelligrino, A. & Taylor, J.E. (2002). Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium. Oxford University Press.

Nevins, “Deportations of Mexican-Origin People in the United States,” in Oboler and González, eds., Oxford Encyclopedia, vol. 1: 497

Ngai, Mae. (2004). Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Nonimmigrant Admissions by Selected Classes of Admission and Sex and Age, Department of Homeland Security, (June 6, 2019).

Ripe-for-Reform.pdf (cdmigrante.org)

Smith, R. (1997). Border Enforcement and Immigration Control: A review of IRCA’s Impact. Migration Studies.

U.S Department of Justice. (1987) Annual Report on Border Control and Enforcement Activities. DOJ.

When The U.S. Government Tried To Replace Migrant Farmworkers With High Schoolers : The Salt : NPR