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Meeting the macro-challenge of microplastics

Imagine a summer stroll beside Lake Superior. You grab a handful of sand, and as it runs through your fingers, you see something red that feels unlike the sand grains. Not sure what you saw, you grab another handful and let it slowly sift through your fingers, watching carefully as each grain falls to the beach below. As the sand stops pouring, small pieces of multicolored plastic remain in your hand.

Unfortunately, this scenario is all too real throughout Michigan and the Great Lakes. Plastics are found from the most remote to the most urban areas of the state. Plastic does not break down easily in the environment. When it does, it merely crumbles into smaller pieces called microplastics and even smaller nanoplastics. Microplastics also can be released during manufacturing (for example, “nurdles,” microbeads, or plastic in wastewater) or the use of plastic products (such as synthetic clothing and vehicle tires).

In one high-profile incident near Saugatuck on Jan. 27, 2026, a semitrailer that ran off the expressway during a winter storm spilled tons of white polystyrene nurdles along the roadway and wetlands along the Kalamazoo River (fortunately, few entered the river). Crews were able to recover much of the material after thawing snow and ice revealed the extent of the spill.

Microplastics are found in surface waters across Michigan including rivers and streams, inland lakes, and the Great Lakes as well as in flora and fauna across the Great Lakes including mussels, birds, fish, and algae.

Cross-team research within the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) is focusing on these tiny fragments and fibers and the many difficulties they present. Over the past two years, EGLE has ramped up its capacity to address microplastics with resources including new hires in the Drinking Water and Environmental Health Division (DWEHD) and Water Resources Division (WRD) at least partly dedicated to the issue.

The DWEHD, WRD, and EGLE's Office of the Great Lakes (OGL) are teaming up to fill in some of the knowledge gaps using a one-time state appropriation of $2 million for microplastics research from 2025-29. The partners’ plan has four major parts:

  1. Establishing a better understanding of concentrations of microplastics in surface waters: WRD incorporated sampling water for microplastics into an existing river and stream monitoring program that started last summer. Microplastics were found at these locations at widely varying concentrations – data that will help establish a benchmark for future measuring of microplastic concentrations in surface waters throughout the state.
  1. Improving understanding of microplastics in public drinking water supplies: The DWEHD’s recent hire is helping to plan and administer collaborative efforts to assess microplastics’ impact on Michigan’s drinking water, including microplastics sampling and analysis for select public water supply treatment plants using the Great Lakes and inland waterways as their source.  DWEHD is also developing a decision framework to establish priorities for further public water supply and source water sampling across the state in the future.
  1. Identifying critical areas for future microplastics research: EGLE held a virtual Great Lakes Microplastic Summit in October 2025 where experts shared knowledge on microplastics and provided insights on the most important data gaps to focus on for the future. EGLE plans another summit Oct. 7-8 this year.

More information about the 2026 summit

  1. Developing a comprehensive statewide microplastics strategy: EGLE is developing an RFP to select a contractor to help the department develop a statewide comprehensive microplastics strategy that will inform and guide approaches to policy, legislation, research, monitoring, detection, education and outreach, and pollution prevention. The strategy will be developed in collaboration among multiple departments and informed by meaningful engagement with Michigan stakeholders and diverse interests.

Together, these steps are furthering Michigan’s understanding of the extent of microplastic contamination throughout the state and offering insights into prevention and innovative strategies to remedy existing contamination.

Microplastics are not going away anytime soon. In fact, global plastic production is expected to only increase in the coming years. The research, communications, and planning efforts of EGLE and others are imperative to staying fully prepared for the challenges ahead.

Adapted from an article by Eddie Kostelnik of EGLE in the 2025 Michigan State of the Great Lakes Report.

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