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Charter Schools Frequently Asked Questions
Charter Schools Frequently Asked Questions
Most Popular FAQs
Pursuant to the Revised School Code (MCL), also known as Public Act 451 of 1976, a PSA is a state-supported public school under the state constitution, operating under a charter contract issued by a public authorizing body [MCL 380.501(1), MCL 380.552]. PSAs are also commonly referred to as charter schools.
Charter schools may include grades K-12 or any combination of those grades. They may not charge tuition and must serve anyone who applies to attend up to enrollment capacity; that is, they may not screen out students based on race, religion, gender, or test scores. Students are selected randomly for admission if the number of students applying exceeds the school's enrollment capacity [MCL 380.504(2)]. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) eliminates the Highly Qualified Teacher (HQT) provision and reverts to state standards. Michigan requires all charter school educators to be certified. Charter school students are assessed annually as part of the Michigan Student Test of Educational Progress (M-STEP). Charter schools are required to administer other state-mandated assessments such as the Michigan Merit Exam (MME) and Access for ELs, WIDA ACCESS 2.0. Charter schools cannot be religiously affiliated [MCL 380.502(1)].
A charter school must be chartered by the governing board of a public body that is authorized to issue charter contracts pursuant to Michigan law. In Michigan, an “authorizing body” means any of the following, pursuant to MCL 380.501(1):
- State Public University
- Community College
- K-12 Local Education Agency (Traditional School District)
- Intermediate School District (ISD)
- Two or more of these public agencies exercising power, privilege, or authority jointly pursuant to an interlocal agreement
However, not all potential authorizers take advantage of the opportunity to issue charters. The list of authorizers of current authorizers is located at the MDE PSA unit website under the Maps and Lists of Public School Academies’ heading.
The fact that not all eligible entities choose to authorize does not preclude charter school developers from requesting consideration from any potential authorizer. At one time, a cap was imposed on the number of charter schools that state public universities could authorize. This cap expired on December 31, 2014. The only remaining caps on establishing charter schools apply to cyber schools and their authorizers.
Interested developers should review and become familiar with all the materials on the MDE PSA website before embarking on the charter school development journey.
To determine which authorizers are accepting charter applications, begin with an analysis of where the proposed charter school will be located. There are multiple eligible authorizers that a development team may engage with. Local school districts, intermediate school districts, and community colleges can issue charter school contracts within their geographic boundaries.
The University authorizers and Bay Mills Community College can issue charters anywhere within the State of Michigan.
To determine whether an entity is eligible to become a charter cyber school authorizer as defined by state statute, the following information applies:
- A board of a traditional school district, with an average graduation rate over 75% for the most recent three school years for which the data are available, would not be eligible to authorize a charter cyber school at this time.
- All other authorizers (that are not traditional public school districts) wishing to open a charter cyber district must determine if the district in which they are opening the charter cyber school has had a graduation rate of over 75%.
- The charter cyber school must be modeled after a high-performing school or program.
- The charter cyber school office must be located within the geographical boundary of the authorizer if it is a traditional school district.
- Must be available for enrollment to all pupils in this state.
- Offers some configuration of, or all grades K to 12.
- The entity applying for the school of excellence, that is, a charter cyber school, must demonstrate experience in delivering a quality education program that improves pupil academic achievement. In determining whether this requirement is met, an authorizing body shall refer to the standards for quality online learning established by the National Association of Charter School Authorizers or other similar nationally recognized standards for quality online learning. (MDE recommends the iNACOL, which the Public School Academies Unit can provide to interested parties).
- Enrollment in the School of Excellence that is a cyber school is limited to not more than 2,500 pupils in membership for the first school year of operation of the School of Excellence that is a cyber school not more than 5,000 pupils in membership for the second school year of operation of the School of Excellence that is a cyber school, and not more than 10,000 pupils in membership for the third and subsequent school years of operation of the School of Excellence that is a cyber school. As used in this subdivision, "membership" means that term as defined in section 6 of the State School Aid Act of 1979, MCL 388.1606.
- The School of Excellence, which is a charter cyber school, offers each pupil's family a computer and subsidizes the cost of internet access.
- The issuance of the contract must be approved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI). The SPI shall approve the issuance of a contract if he or she determines that the proposed School of Excellence is modeled after a high-performing school or program.
*Additional legislative requirements can be found in MCL 380.552