Early in-person voting

Both early in-person voting and absentee voting allow voters to cast a ballot prior to Election Day. However, there are key differences between the two methods of voting.

Early voting allows voters to cast a ballot similar to how they would do so at a polling place on Election Day. Voters are issued a ballot and can complete it and personally insert it into the tabulator at their early voting site.

Absentee voting allows voters to request a ballot by mail, online, or in person at their local clerk’s office. Voters can complete their absentee ballot at home or at their local clerk’s office and submit it in an envelope by mail, in person, or by drop box. After an absentee ballot is received by the local clerk, the voter’s absentee ballot is processed and tabulated by their local clerk.

New in 2024, absentee voters now have the option to take their completed absentee ballot to their early voting site or their polling place on Election Day (not available in Detroit) and insert it directly into the tabulator.

Absentee voters also have the flexibility to “spoil” their ballot, or change their vote, after it has been submitted in certain circumstances.

Learn more about absentee voting.

Yes. In fact, many states have some form of early voting. This includes states with smaller populations such as Delaware, North Dakota, and West Virginia as well as larger states like Florida, Illinois, New York, and Texas.

For more information, visit the National Conference of State Legislature’s brief on early in-person voting.

It is recommended that voters be registered to vote at their current address prior to visiting an early voting site. Voter registration is available online at Michigan.gov/Vote. Within 14 days of an election, voters must visit their local clerk’s office and provide proof of residency to register to vote.

Early voting sites do not offer voter registration. However, if an early voting site is located at a clerk’s office or satellite office, voters may register to vote on site at the clerk’s office, and cast a ballot at the early voting site. Contact your local clerk’s office or visit their website to learn more.

Learn more about voter registration.

Find your clerk's information.

No. Voters should remember to bring an acceptable form of photo identification to an early voting site or to the polls on Election Day. However, a photo ID is not required to cast a ballot. Voters without a photo ID, or voters who forgot to bring their photo ID, can still vote after signing an Affidavit of Voter Not in Possession of Picture Identification.

All voters, including voters with disabilities, have the right to vote in person at an early voting site, at a polling place, or by using a standard or accessible absentee ballot.

Early voting sites feature at least one Voter Assist Terminal (VAT), a ballot-marking device that can be used by any voter. VATs also provide assistive tools for voters with visual, hearing, mobility, or other disabilities.

Accessible curbside voting is also available at early voting sites. Voters may contact their local election clerk to request curbside voting. Voters may need to send someone into the early voting site to request curbside voting on their behalf. An election official will then bring the ballot outside for the voter to complete.  

Look up voter assist terminal equipment by county.

Learn more about accessible voting.

An early voting site is like a polling place where voters can cast a ballot prior to Election Day, during the early voting period. Voters from more than one precinct, city, or township may be assigned to a single, shared early voting site.

Voters may only cast a ballot at their assigned early voting site(s). They can look up their assigned early voting site(s) up to 60 days prior to Election Day at Michigan.gov/Vote.

Some voters may only have one assigned early voting site, while others may have several locations to choose from.

At least one early voting site must be available to all voters in every city and township.

Local clerks select the number and location of early voting sites that work best for their community by examining the area’s population density, site accessibility, and expected voter turnout.

Local clerks may also partner with other cities and townships, or their county, to run an early voting site together.

Early voting will be available beginning with the 2024 presidential primary. It will be available for the 2024 August primary election, the November 2024 general election, and every statewide and federal election thereafter.

The early voting period begins the second Saturday prior to Election Day and ends the Sunday before an election. However, communities may decide to provide additional days of early voting. Under state law, communities can offer up to 29 days of early voting.

Early voting is provided for local elections (non-federal or state elections) at the discretion of the local clerk. Early voting site locations, dates, and hours are available up to 60 days prior to Election Day at Michigan.gov/Vote. You can also contact your local clerk’s office for more information.

Find your local clerk’s information.

Yes. During each day of the early voting period, eligible voters waiting in line when an early voting site closes have the right to stay in line and cast a ballot.

Yes. Voters can request an absentee ballot and submit it prior to Election Day by mail, in person at their local clerk’s office, or by drop box.

Voters who no longer wish to use their absentee ballot and who would prefer to vote early in person should bring their absentee ballot to surrender at their early voting site. After surrendering their absentee ballot, a new ballot is issued to complete and submit on-site.

Beginning in the February 27 Presidential Primary election, voters can bring their absentee ballots to an early voting site to insert into a tabulator. The election inspector must verify that voters with absentee ballots are in the correct location and that they have the correct ballot number. Once the election inspector has confirmed this information, the voter can insert a completed absentee ballot into the tabulator, just like at a polling place on Election Day.

Learn more about absentee voting.

Yes, every voter has the right to a secret ballot.

At early voting sites, voters insert their completed ballot into a tabulator, just like at a polling place on Election Day. To protect voter privacy, once a ballot has been inserted into a tabulator, it cannot be traced back to an individual voter.

Ballots inserted in the tabulator are sealed in secure containers each night during the early voting period. After polls close on Election Day, all ballots submitted at an early voting site are totaled and reported, along with the vote totals from absentee and Election Day ballots.

The use of cameras and recording devices in early voting sites is not allowed. However, voters may take a photo of their own ballot while in the voting booth, with nothing else included in the photo. Local clerks may also allow news or media organizations to film quick, panning shots of polling places, but must exclude any voter personal information.

Once a ballot has been inserted into a tabulator, it cannot be changed.

Voters who complete and submit an absent voter ballot by mail, in person at a local clerk’s office, or via drop box, have the option to change their vote by spoiling their original ballot and requesting a new one. The deadline for spoiling an absentee ballot is 5 p.m. on the second Friday before an election.

Voters who insert their absentee ballot into a tabulator at an early voting site cannot spoil their ballot or change their vote.

Learn more about absentee voting and spoiling a ballot.

At early voting sites, voters insert their completed ballot into a tabulator, just like in an Election Day polling place. Ballots inserted into the tabulator are sealed in secure containers every night during the early voting period.

After polls close at 8 p.m. on Election Day, all ballots submitted at an early voting site are totaled and reported, along with the vote totals from absentee and Election Day ballots. Results are posted on local election websites.

Steps taken to ensure secure voting include the following:

☑ Voting equipment used to tabulate ballots are certified by the bipartisan Board of State Canvassers and tested by local election officials before use during early voting.

☑ All voters are checked in at their early voting site to make sure they are registered to vote, and that they have not already voted, before they are issued a ballot.

☑ The early voting electronic pollbook prevents double voting by providing regular updates on voter activity, reflecting when a voter has cast a ballot or been issued an absentee ballot.

☑ Bipartisan groups of election inspectors run early voting sites under the supervision of local clerks.

☑ Voters cast their ballot using paper ballots which are then stored in secure, sealed ballot containers.

☑ Precinct results from ballots cast at early voting sites are not posted until after polls close at 8 p.m. on election night so that no early election results are known or made public.

☑ All early voting site results are reviewed by the bipartisan Board of County Canvassers before certification. Early voting ballots are available for recounts and audits like all other ballots.

Each early voting site accesses the Qualified Voter File, a secure voter records database that sends and receives regular updates of a voter’s ballot activity. Ballot information entered at any early voting site or at a local clerk’s office is regularly uploaded to prevent the issuance of duplicate ballots.

This means that if a voter has already submitted an absentee ballot or an early voting ballot, this information is flagged for election workers to prevent double voting. If a voter submits an absentee ballot, and then votes at an early voting site, only one ballot will be counted

If a voter submits an absentee ballot, and then votes at an early voting site, then the absentee ballot is rejected and does not count.

No. The Qualified Voter File, a secure voter records database, receives regular updates of a voter’s ballot activity. If a voter submits two separate ballots, the system indicates a vote has already been submitted, and the second ballot is not issued. 

Yes. Election observers are an important part of the electoral process to ensure transparency and properly run elections. Volunteer election challengers and poll watchers may observe the voting process at early voting sites as permitted by Michigan election law. All election observers must strictly adhere to proper standards and procedures.

Learn about the appointment, rights and duties of election challengers and poll watchers.

Learn the difference between election inspectors, poll watchers, and challengers.

Clerks receive training on early voting procedures at in-person training sessions and through online training modules provided by the Michigan Bureau of Elections.

Yes. Workers are paid at the rate determined by the local clerk or the jurisdiction conducting early voting.

Registered voters can sign up to serve as a paid election worker at Michigan.gov/DemocracyMVP.

Learn more about the responsibilities of election inspectors (poll workers).

Communities across Michigan have the opportunity to receive a state funded grant to purchase election equipment and for administrative costs. Grants are distributed from a $30 million appropriation by the state legislature for the implementation of early voting.

Information on how to apply will be made available as soon as possible.

On Election Day, ballots at a polling place are stored by individual precincts. An early voting site, however, can accommodate voters from several different precincts, cities, and townships, with ballots from several precincts inserted into a single tabulator.

To accommodate voters from multiple precincts, tabulators at early voting sites are programmed to count ballots from different precincts and to record the results by each voter’s individual precinct.

The Michigan Bureau of Elections is actively reviewing best practices from other states and working closely with local county and municipal clerks to finalize a secure and effective procedure for storing early voting ballots.

All ballots submitted in Michigan, whether at an early voting site, a polling place, or by absentee voting, are retained and available for review during the post-election canvass, recount, and audit processes.

All paper ballots submitted in Michigan, whether at a polling place, an early voting site, or through absentee voting, are retained in secure, sealed ballot containers after the election. Each seal has a unique number that is recorded in the poll book by a team of bipartisan election workers.

Michigan election law requires the secure handling of paper ballots. Once early voting is complete and a ballot container is sealed, the seal cannot be broken until the canvass, recount, or audit process begins. An unbroken seal ensures that ballots are in the same condition they were on Election Day.

The Michigan Bureau of Elections is actively working with local county and municipal clerks to determine retention procedures for early voting ballots.