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Common questions about wildlife rehabilitation

IC2065 (01/15/2026)
Michigan Department of Natural Resources – Wildlife Division

Table of contents

General wildlife rehabilitation permit questions

Can I possess or begin rehabilitating a wild animal before I have the appropriate DNR permit?

Answer: Only in a limited, temporary way under the Good Samaritan Clause. A member of the public may temporarily possess a sick, injured, or orphaned wild animal to transfer it to:

  • a permitted wildlife rehabilitator,
  • a licensed veterinarian, or
  • a DNR employee for care.

Time limits for temporary possession are:

  • 24 hours Monday through Friday
  • 48 hours Saturday through Sunday

You may not possess threatened or endangered species, or any species that is not permitted to be rehabilitated. You must have an approved DNR permit before you can rehabilitate a wild animal. If you possess a wild animal longer than the allowed time, you could be ticketed for illegal possession of a wild animal.

Can I keep a wild animal past the designated release date?

Answer: Possibly, but only under extenuating circumstances and with the appropriate permit. If you need to keep an animal beyond the designated release date, you must apply for the appropriate permit (for example, a captive game permit or scientific collector’s permit) at least 30 days before the designated release date.

If the appropriate permit is not applied for in time, or is not approved, the animal must be released by the designated release date or humanely euthanized.

Does a licensed veterinarian need a permit to rehabilitate wild animals?

Answer: A licensed veterinarian may treat a sick, injured, or orphaned wild animal at the veterinarian’s facility for no more than 48 hours before doing one of the following:

  • releasing it to the wild,
  • transferring it to a permitted wildlife rehabilitator, or
  • administering humane euthanasia.

A licensed veterinarian needs a wildlife rehabilitation permit to treat a wild animal for longer than 48 hours.

What is a letter of affidavit?

Answer: A letter of affidavit is a sworn written statement used to testify that certain information is true and correct. For a wildlife rehabilitation permit, a licensed veterinarian or a permitted wildlife rehabilitator must write and sign a letter of affidavit stating that the applicant has demonstrated, through at least 30 hours of hands-on experience, adequate skills in handling injured and orphaned wild animals. A letter of affidavit does not need to be notarized.

Is wildlife rehabilitation a hobby?

Answer: No. Wildlife rehabilitation requires significant time and resources and is a full-time commitment. Wildlife rehabilitators are responsible for the well-being of the wild animals in their care and must provide food, water, and medical care; clean cages; and complete other necessary daily tasks.

Can anyone be a wildlife rehabilitator?

Answer: No. Wildlife rehabilitation requires specialized knowledge, high-level skill, and proper facilities, and it is not for everyone. Wild animals have different handling requirements, diets, habitat and housing needs, diseases, and parasites than domestic animals. Caring for wild animals requires training, commitment, and funding.

How do I know what the facility requirements are for a wildlife rehabilitation permit?

Answer: Facility requirements, including cage dimensions and sanitary requirements, are outlined in the International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council (IWRC) and National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) publication Foundations of Wildlife Rehabilitation.

Conservation officers will check for the requirements outlined in that document during an inspection. It is important that all facility requirements are met before applying for a wildlife rehabilitation permit.

How many subpermittees can I have working off-site?

Answer: Up to 10 subpermittees may work off-site under your permit. If you are already at 10 and want to add more, you must amend your permit to remove some subpermittees first, then add additional subpermittees so you do not exceed 10.

Can a permitted wildlife rehabilitator be a subpermittee on my permit?

Answer: No. A permitted wildlife rehabilitator cannot be a subpermittee on another wildlife rehabilitator’s permit.

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Habituation questions

Do rehabilitated wild animals make good pets?

Answer: No. Wild animals do not want to be in captivity. They are stressed by human contact and do not want to be cuddled, petted, or handled unnecessarily. Wildlife rehabilitators must not treat rehabilitated wild animals as pets.

Can I keep a rehabilitated wild animal as a pet?

Answer: No. Wildlife rehabilitators must follow protocols to ensure a wild animal in their care is not habituated or domesticated. A wild animal being rehabilitated is not a pet.

Can my child help me rehabilitate wild animals?

Answer: No. A child cannot participate in wildlife rehabilitation. Only licensed wildlife rehabilitators or listed subpermittees may participate.

Can I keep wild animals being rehabilitated around my domestic animals?

Answer: No. Co-mingling wild and domestic animals is not allowed. It is the rehabilitator’s responsibility to reduce unnecessary stress on the wild animals they are rehabilitating. Allowing domestic animals near wild animals being rehabilitated induces a high level of stress on the wild animals.

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Connecting with the public questions

Can I allow the public to have contact with the wild animals I am rehabilitating?

Answer: No. Wild animals being rehabilitated cannot be in direct or indirect contact with the public. They also cannot be housed in a way that is visible or otherwise allowed to be viewed by members of the public.

Can I use the wild animals I am rehabilitating for educational purposes?

Answer: No. Wildlife rehabilitation permits are not intended for public education. To educate the public, you must have a scientific collector’s permit issued by the DNR before accepting or possessing any wild animals for that purpose.

Can I post the wild animal(s) I am rehabilitating on social media?

Answer: The publication Foundations of Wildlife Rehabilitation includes strict regulations on how wildlife rehabilitators may post on social media. Wildlife rehabilitators should only be shown properly caring for and/or releasing wild animals in their care (no kissing, snuggling, or face contact).

Do not use photos that show wild animals:

  • in common living spaces,
  • with household pets, or
  • in situations where treatment appears like that of a pet.

Any illegal activity posted on social media could result in legal action by the DNR.

What is my role when responding to calls from the public about wild animals?

Answer: When accepting a phone call from an individual, business, or agency:

  1. Determine whether the wild animal is truly in distress, whether the caller is in distress, or both.
  2. Calm the caller.
  3. Educate the caller about wild animals and offer suggestions.
  4. Collect information and advise the caller whether to assist the wild animal.
  5. Identify risks from injury, disease, or parasites.
  6. Explain legal issues about possessing wild animals.
  7. Arrange appropriate and safe transport to a permitted wildlife rehabilitator or licensed veterinarian.
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Species-specific questions

What species of wild animals are not allowed to be rehabilitated?

Answer: The following are not allowed to be rehabilitated or possessed, including their offspring. There are no exceptions:

  • adult deer
  • bats
  • black bears
  • cougars
  • elk
  • lynx
  • moose
  • mute swans
  • skunks
  • wolves

Can I rehabilitate deer?

Answer: You cannot rehabilitate adult deer. You may rehabilitate fawns in certain counties, but strict rules apply. A wildlife rehabilitator must be aware of these rules before possessing a fawn.

Key timing rules include:

  • Fawns must be released by Oct. 1.
  • Requests for extensions must be submitted to the DNR no later than Sept. 16.
  • Rehabilitation of deer is not allowed from Oct. 1 through March 1.

Can I rehabilitate migratory birds (for example, ducks, eagles, geese, hawks, herons, loons, owls, and warblers)?

Answer: Only if you obtain a permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Can I rehabilitate federally listed endangered or threatened species?

Answer: Only if you obtain a permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

When do I need to release the wild animal I am rehabilitating?

Answer: The goal is to release the wild animal back to its natural habitat as soon as the animal is capable of fending for itself and shows no signs of habituation.

Some species have specific release conditions (for example, raccoons and fawns). It is important to know the specific release conditions for the wild animal you are rehabilitating.