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Soil Health Framework
Enhanced Crop Rotation
What does this look like?
A variety of crop species are grown in the same field over time, with crop rotation cycles extending over several years. Rotations may include small grains and periods of fallow or pasture. Cover crops are diversified, with multiple species growing in fall and/or spring. Special attention is paid to diversity of functional groups among cash and cover crops, such as grasses, legumes, brassicas, etc. Residual nutrients are retained, additional nitrogen is fixed, and soil texture is improved.Why is this helpful?
Improving crop diversity comes with several soil health benefits, as different species encourage different beneficial changes in the soil. For example, the complex root systems of grasses increase soil organic matter, forage legumes increase nitrogen levels, and brassicas help mitigate soil compaction with thick taproots. These are examples of “functional traits,” or specific functions that certain plants perform that can be harnessed to improve production.
| Engaged | Advanced | Leading |
| 2-3-year rotation of cash crops and one species of cover crop. | 3-4-year rotation of cash crops and 2-3 species of cover crop, including a legume and at least one additional functional group. | Complex 4+ year rotation of cash crops and 3+ species of cover crops, including a legume and a grass, incorporating a perennial species. |
Co-benefits on the farm:
- Diversifying crops is an important aspect of pest management and can help to diversify farmer income.
- Increasing crop diversity addresses plant resource concerns such as plant pest pressure, plant productivity and health, and plant structure and composition.