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Soil Health Framework
Reduced Tillage
What does this look like?
Bare ground or exposed soil is rarely seen on the farm. Post-harvest fields are sheltered by undisturbed cover crops and/or crop residues, with winter snow held in place by rows of stubble. Nutrient cycling and distribution are improved by microbes in the soil with undisturbed soil habitat. Reduced tillage for weed control is used occasionally, when necessary.Why is this helpful?
Minimizing soil disturbance with tillage is key to building healthy soils. By avoiding tillage, soil structure is allowed to develop naturally, which boosts water infiltration and retention – especially when combined with cover cropping or perennial crops in rotation. Soil aggregation and biological activity in surface layers increases, and typically saturated areas of fields dry more quickly after heavy rainfall. Nutrient cycling and distribution are improved by active networks of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi. Avoiding tillage can also increase the accumulation of soil organic matter by maintaining the right balance of oxygen and aerobic decomposition in the soil. By leaving soil structures in place, reducing tillage can improve the benefits of cover cropping and other soil health management practices.
| Engaged | Advanced | Leading |
| Reduced tillage is used exclusively, no inversion tillage. | No-till is used at least once per rotation. | No-till is used exclusively throughout rotation. Conservation tillage may be used very occasionally when needed (e.g., once every 2-3 rotations). |
Co-benefits on the farm:
- Growers can improve their profitability by reducing the number and intensity of tillage passes, lowering fuel, labor, and maintenance costs.
- Reducing tillage can slow erosion (gully, sheet, rill), soil subsidence, organic matter depletion, and surface water sedimentation.