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Technical Readiness Level
Taking Steps Toward Implementation
What steps are necessary to move an innovative idea to an implementable technology? The steps along the way were named in the 1970’s when NASA developed the Technical Readiness Levels (TRLs) as the formal scale identifying a technology’s maturity level. There are nine levels that identify technical steps needed for a technology to advance.
| Category | Level of Readiness | ETC History |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Research | 1 — Basic Principles Observed | Radio‑frequency identification (RFID) technology was used during WWII to identify if planes were allied or enemy. |
| Basic Research | 2 — Technology Concept Formulated | During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a search for applications to use radio transponders. In 1963, economist William Vickrey saw ETC systems as a potential application. |
| Basic Research | 3 — Experimental Proof of Concept | Researcher Mario Cardullo developed a passive radio transponder with memory, demonstrating the ETC concept in the 1970s. |
| Applied Research | 4 — Technology Validated in Lab | Development and validation of RFID for tracking systems for the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture continued through the 1980s. |
| Applied Research | 5 — Technology Validated in Relevant Environment | Researchers tested early ETC systems on closed courses and public roads. |
| Development | 6 — Technology Demonstrated in Relevant Environment | Researchers replaced the small installation with one featuring more readers and transponders. |
| Development | 7 — System Prototype Demonstration in Operational Environment | The initial pilot phase was limited to test, government, and commercial vehicles. |
| Development | 8 — System Complete and Qualified | ETC systems were proven to be safe and their usage was opened to all road users. |
| Implementation | 9 — Actual System Proven in Operational Environment | Fully deployed systems in Texas started in 1989 and in Oklahoma in 1991. |
Cutting edge technologies are being researched by Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) Research Administration (RAd), the National Cooperative Research Program, other DOTs, and other industries. MDOT, working with its partners, strives to implement safe, sustainable, and cost-effective innovations. Is there an innovation that you would like to bring to MDOT? What TRL is your innovation? How could RAd help you move it a step closer to implementation? These are critical questions worthy of consideration as you engage in bringing innovation to MDOT.
Why It Matters
• TRL can be used across MDOT’s focus areas to identify what is needed for new technologies to reach implementation level.
• You can use TRL to assess the potential of a past research project and identify the next steps needed.
• You can engage in MDOT’s research program at any TRL to move an innovation closer to reality.
Learn More
For more information about TRL, see FHWA’s Technology Readiness Level Guidebook. For more information about RAd, see the Research and Implementation Manual. If you have an innovative idea of questions, contact RAd using the links below.