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Prevention and Family Preservation Services

Prevention and Family Preservation Services

MDHHS and partners support a continuum of prevention services. The continuum is inclusive of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention activities.

Prevention and Family Prevention Services Pyramid
 Primary Prevention activities are directed at the general population and attempt to stop abuse or neglect before it occurs and prevent the need for involvement with child welfare.
Secondary Prevention activities are to prevent abuse or neglect before it occurs and prevent the need for initial or deeper involvement with child welfare.

Tertiary Prevention consists of activities focused on families that have a confirmed abuse or neglect investigation to prevent recurrence of abuse or neglect and re-entry into the child welfare system.

Many of the services we offer at MDHHS fluctuate between the different prevention types. Below, we’ve classified them within their most common type, such as FFPSA services in secondary, family preservation services in tertiary, and so on. Use the expansion functionality to read overviews of many of the services we offer at MDHHS.

  • Tertiary prevention consists of activities focused on families that have a confirmed abuse or neglect investigation to prevent recurrence of abuse or neglect and re-entry into the child welfare system. These prevention programs may include services such as: 

    • family preservation activities designed to strengthen families who are in crisis
    • parent mentor programs acting as peer support to families in crisis
    • in-home mental health services for children and families to improve family communication and functioning 

    The following is an overview of the different tertiary prevention services available in Michigan: 

     

    Families First 
    Families First of Michigan map

    Families First of Michigan (FFM) is a state-wide, 28-day crisis intervention program that mitigates abuse/neglect concerns through intensive services including Cognitive-Behavioral intervention, Solution-Focused Brief Intervention, skill building, community resource networking, assistance with concrete needs, and use of Protective Factors Framework® and the Protective Factors Survey-2 to identify risk and build upon family strengths. 

    High to intensive risk families with a confirmed case of abuse or neglect may be referred to FFM if it appears a petition is inevitable at some point if the family does not receive intensive stabilization services.  In-home court wards may also be referred to FFM. FFM also provides reunification services if Family Reunification Program is not available.

    FFM provides an average of 10 hours of face-to-face contact with families in their homes and communities.  Each family receives four weeks of services with up to two additional weeks provided for some families to firm up goal completion.  

     

    Family Reunification Program (FRP) 
    Family Reunification Program map

    Family Reunification Program (FRP) is available in several counties and provides services to families preparing for reunification or families where the children have recently returned home.

    FRP may be provided up to 30 days prior to reunification or within 30 days following reunification.  Each family receives up to four months of service with up to two additional months of service to complete time-consuming goals or address new safety/risk concerns.

    FRP services include a Team Leader who provides therapeutic activities and a Family Worker who utilize skill building, and community resource navigation.  Solution-Focused Brief Intervention, Protective Factors Framework and Protective Factors Survey are employed by both workers.

     

    Families Together Building Solutions – Pathways to Potential (FTBS-P2P) 
    Families Together Building Solutions - P2P map

    Families Together Building Solutions – Pathways to Potential (FTBS-P2P) is available in several counties and provides services to families with low to moderate risk for abuse or neglect.  FTBS may be appropriate for higher risk cases if approved by the family preservation specialist.  FTBS is sometimes used as a step-down program after families complete FFM and need less intensive services to avoid future CPS involvement.  

    FTBS provides an average of three hours of face-to-face service per week, for up to three months.  Families who need additional help may be approved for up to three additional months of service if goal completion is time consuming, or new risk/safety related goals are identified.  FTBS may be used for reunification services if FFM, and FRP are not available.

    FTBS uses tools and interventions including Solution-Focused Brief Intervention, skill building, and community resource navigation as well as Protective Factors Framework and Protective Factors Survey. 

     

    Substance Use Disorder Family Support Program (SUDFSP) 
    Substance Use Disorder Family Support Program map

    Substance Use Disorder Family Support Program is a home based program that provides a person-centered intervention and support for families when a parent is alcohol or drug affected or has a co-occurring disorder. SUDFSP seeks to reduce future maltreatment, prevent placement in foster care, and/or increase reunification.

    MDHHS offers two versions of the SUDFSP program:

    SUDFSP

    • Utilizing standard contract program requirements
    • Eligibility includes both intact families and families with children in out of home placement
    • Use of evidence-based practices and assessment

    SUDFSP with Motivational Interviewing

    • Funded through FFPSA, families must have FFPSA eligible children in the home
    • Use of Motivational Interviewing helps participants identify their reasons and goals of change in behaviors and reinforce that change is possible
    • Face to Face duration of this program is built on a tapered schedule
    • This program is six months long to support the positive reinforcements of change

     

     

    Parent Partners 
    Parent Partners Implementation map

    Parent Partners (PP) is available in Wayne, Macomb, Oakland, Genesee, Jackson, and Washtenaw counties.

    Parent Partner - Peer Recovery Coach is available in Genesee, Jackson, and Washtenaw counties.

    PP employs carefully vetted paraprofessionals who achieved successful closure of their CPS or foster care case. Although historically a reunification service, PP recently expanded to provide parent mentoring services to parents with a CPS case. Each family receives face-to-face contact in their homes and communities and services last up to six months with the option to extend with approval.

    Parent Partners cannot provide direct services to children, but they do provide a plethora of services to adult caregivers including, community resource navigation, social support networking, foster care/CPS system navigation, and skill building.

    Parent Partner - Peer Recovery Coach is a new program offering that includes CPS Category I and II cases where substance use/misuse is an indicator. In addition to parent partner intervention skills, the peer recovery coaches will also have personal experience with substance use and be in recovery for at least two years. The coaches will be Michigan certified peer recovery coaches or working toward becoming certified.

  • Secondary prevention activities are to prevent abuse or neglect before it occurs and prevent the need for initial or deeper involvement with child welfare. Populations include those that have one or more risk factors associated with abuse or neglect, such as but not limited to low-income families, caregiver substance use, domestic violence, young parental age, parental mental health concerns, parental or child special needs, and MDHHS Structured Decision Making Risk Assessment identifies a future risk of harm.  Programs may target services to caregivers or families that have a high incidence of any or all these risk factors. Approaches to secondary prevention programs might include:

    • education programs for teen parents or substance use treatment programs targeted to caregivers with young children
    • support groups that help at-risk caregivers deal with their everyday stresses and meet the challenges and responsibilities of parenting
    • home visiting programs that provide support and assistance
    • in-home Family Support Services, Family Assistance Programs, etcetera
    • respite care for families that have children with special needs. 
    • family resource centers that offer information and referral services to at-risk families. 

    The following is an overview of some of the different secondary prevention services available in Michigan: 

     

    SafeCare
    SafeCare Implementation map

    SafeCare is an in-home, behavioral parenting program that promotes positive parent-child interactions, informed caregiver response to childhood illness and injury, and a safe home environment. SafeCare is designed for parents and caregivers of children birth through five who are either at risk for or have a history of child neglect and/or physical abuse. The program aims to reduce child abuse/neglect. The SafeCare curriculum is extremely structured, with pre-planned lessons and assessments. The curriculum is delivered by trained and certified providers.

    The curriculum includes three modules: 

    • The home safety module targets risk factors for environmental neglect and unintentional injury by helping parents/caregivers identify and eliminate common household hazards and teaching them about age-appropriate supervision.
    • The health module targets risk factors for medical neglect by teaching parents/caregivers how to identify and address illness, injury, and health generally.
    • The parent-child/parent-infant interaction module targets risk factors associated with neglect and physical abuse by teaching parents/caregivers how to positively interact with their infant/child, and how to structure activities to engage their children and promote positive behavior.

    Face to Face Requirements and Program Duration:

    • Each session typically lasts 50 to 90 minutes depending on the session focus. Sessions are typically conducted weekly and scheduled when assessment and training is most applicable (e.g., nap time, bath time). 
    • SafeCare delivery is no more than twice a week and no less than every two weeks to optimize skill acquisition and retention. 

     

    Motivational Interviewing 
    Motivational Interviewing is an evidence-based, client-centered method designed to promote behavior change and improve physiological, psychological, and lifestyle outcomes. Motivational Interviewing aims to identify ambivalence for change and increase motivation by helping clients progress through the stages of change. It aims to do this by encouraging clients to consider their personal goals and how their current behaviors may compete with attainment of those goals.

    MI has been shown to be an effective intervention when used by itself or together with a combination of other treatments to reduce risk of maltreatment and placement into out of home care. 

    MDHHS child welfare staff, PAFC child welfare staff, and some Family Preservation contractors are trained and utilizing Motivational Interviewing as part of their day-to-day service array and MiTEAM Practice Model. 
     

    Evidence Based Home Visiting
    Evidence Based Home Visiting Expansions map

    FFPSA has allowed MDHHS & the Home Visiting Unit to expand home visiting services across the state, including programs Parents As Teachers (PAT), Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), and Healthy Families America (HFA). 

    We have also expanded programs utilizing Healthy Moms Healthy Babies funding. These expansions service families with substance affected infants and/or pregnant people with substance misuse. 

    To locate all home visiting programs across the state, including these expansions, please visit the Michigan Home Visiting website: 
    Index - Michigan Home Visiting Programs (mihomevisiting.com)

    Video: Home Visiting 101 

    Description: Home Visiting Programs in Michigan include Healthy Families America (HFA), Parents As Teachers (PAT), Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), Family Spirit (FS), and more. This video provides an overview of home visiting services and how they can support families.

    Handouts Mentioned: Slide Deck; Home Visiting in Michigan

     

    Video: Making Voluntary Referrals to Home Visiting Programs

    Description: Home Visiting Programs in Michigan include Healthy Families America (HFA), Parents As Teachers (PAT), Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), Family Spirit (FS), and more. This video reviews techniques and conversation points to use when engaging families in these services. Home visiting programs are voluntary and are designed to support the family’s needs related to raising young children, whether that’s parental support, new tips and tricks, guidance, or something else.

    Handouts Mentioned: Slide Deck

  • Primary prevention activities are directed at the general population and attempt to stop abuse or neglect before it occurs and prevent the need for involvement with child welfare. All members of the community have access to and may benefit from these services. Primary prevention activities with a universal focus seek to raise the awareness of the general public, service providers, and decision-makers about the scope and problems associated with child abuse or neglect. Universal approaches to primary prevention might include:

    • public service announcements that encourage positive parenting 
    • parent education programs and support groups that focus on child development, age-appropriate expectations, and the roles and responsibilities of parenting 
    • family support and family strengthening programs that enhance the ability of families to access existing services, and resources to support positive interactions among family members
    • public awareness campaigns that provide information on how and where to report suspected child abuse and neglect

    The following is an overview of some of the different primary prevention services available in Michigan: 

    211
    Find Help - Michigan 2-1-1 (mi211.org)

    MiBridges
    Connections to resources are available on MiBridges – log in to your account and select Find Resources to search by topic. 
    https://newmibridges.michigan.gov/s/isd-find-community-partners?language=en_US 

    Early On
    Early On® Michigan
    https://www.1800earlyon.org/

    Safe Sleep
    Safe Sleep Resources by County (michigan.gov)

    Children’s Trust Michigan 
    Children’s Trust Michigan

    Kinship Care Resource Center
    About the Kinship Care Resource Center | Kinship Care Resource Center (msu.edu)

    Pathways to Potential 
    https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/doing-business/pathways-to-potential

  • Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA) is a federal legislation to allow title IV-E spending in secondary and primary prevention services. Michigan’s 5-year Prevention Plan was approved with a begin date of 10/01/2021. The federal funding offers reimbursement to the state for Evidence Based Programs. 

    Michigan Title IV-E Prevention Plan

  • Contractors wanting to access forms related to Prevention and Family Preservation Services should visit the Forms & Applications (michigan.gov) page.

  • Stakeholders wanting to review data related to Prevention and Family Preservation Services should visit the Prevention and Family Preservation Data page.

  • MiFamily Together
    MiFamily Together is a developing, hybrid family preservation service model that will replace the current, fragmented, central office administered family preservation service array by 2027. MiFamily Together will have broader eligibility and flexibility to serve families as their needs change including prevention, preservation, and reunification services of any intensity of need, under one program.  Families participating in MiFamily Together will work with one team and one service provider to address abuse or neglect concerns instead of referrals to multiple programs and/or service providers as their needs change. Other advantages of MiFamily Together include:

    • Face-to-face contact time and length of participation will be determined by accomplishing goals, worker/supervisor evaluation, and assessment tools.
    • Implementation of the 2Gen service philosophy will help ensure a strong family voice with more equitable and holistic services centered around the individual strengths and needs of parents and children.
    • The mental health services gap experienced by many families will be narrowed by incorporating evidence-based virtual therapy services
    • Tapping multiple funding sources will allow MiFamily Together to reach more families 
    • Continuing the use of Protective Factors Framework and Protective Factors Survey will help workers and families develop relevant and effective goals. 
    • An easier, streamlined referral process where Prevention, CPS and foster care workers will only need to make one referral to one program without having to determine eligibility based on intensity of need. 

  • Michigan families are stronger when supported with the intent of staying intact.

    MiFamily, Stronger Together is the open communication and collaboration within MDHHS structures (including private and external partners) to establish and maintain a prevention-oriented child and family well-being system. A comprehensive child and family well-being system aims to strengthen all families, connecting them to resources and support they need within their own community. Support that can prevent crisis, mitigate risks, and prevent child abuse and neglect.

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