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Multidrug-Resistant Organisms and Precautions
Reporting and Investigation Guidance
- Candida auris (C. auris) Case Reporting and Investigation Guidance
- Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms (CPO) Case Reporting and Investigation Guidance
Reports
CP-CRE Surveillance Report, 2018-2022
Multidrug-resistant organisms
Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions combine the major features of Universal Precautions (UP) and Body Substance Isolation (BSI) and are based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. Standard Precautions include a group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status, in any setting in which healthcare is delivered. These include: hand hygiene; use of gloves, gown, mask, eye protection, or face shield, depending on the anticipated exposure; and safe injection practices.
Transmission-Based Precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions are used when the route(s) of transmission is (are) not completely interrupted using Standard Precautions alone. Transmission-Based Precautions are for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents, including certain epidemiologically important pathogens, which require additional control measures to effectively prevent transmission. There are three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions: Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions, and Airborne Precautions.
Contact Precautions are intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents, including epidemiologically important microorganisms, which are spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient’s environment.
Contact Precautions Video (2:10)
Droplet Precautions are intended to prevent transmission of pathogens spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions. Because these pathogens do not remain infectious over long distances in a healthcare facility, special air handling and ventilation are not required to prevent droplet transmission.
Airborne Precautions are intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air. (e.g., rubeola virus [measles], varicella virus [chickenpox], M. tuberculosis, etc.)
Respiratory Precautions Video (2:03)
Enhanced Barrier Precautions
Enhanced Barrier Precautions are an infection control intervention designed to reduce transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in nursing homes. Enhanced Barrier Precautions involve gown and glove use during high-contact resident care activities for residents known to be colonized or infected with a MDRO as well as those at increased risk of MDRO acquisition (e.g., residents with wounds or indwelling medical devices).
Enhanced Barrier Precautions
Learn more on Precautions to Prevent Transmission of Infectious Agents.