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Hepatitis A cases increase among men who have sex with men, associated with Southeast Michigan outbreak
October 26, 2017
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: October 26, 2017
CONTACT: Angela Minicuci, (517) 241-2112
LANSING, Mich. – Local and state public health officials continue to investigate a large hepatitis A outbreak in southeastern Michigan. Recently, there has been a concerning increase in confirmed hepatitis A cases among men who have sex with men (MSM). As part of the ongoing investigation, residents are encouraged to be aware of the associated risk factors, and the importance of handwashing and vaccination to prevent hepatitis A infection.
Since August 1, 2016, there have been 457 confirmed cases of hepatitis A in the City of Detroit, Ingham, Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, Sanilac, St. Clair, Washtenaw, and Wayne Counties reported to the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS).
From August 1, 2016 to October 1, 2017, there were 10 hepatitis A cases among MSM. Since October 1, 2017, 11 additional hepatitis A cases identifying as MSM have been referred over four weeks. Among the recent MSM hepatitis A cases, the hospitalization rate is higher (95.2 percent) and the median age is younger (38 years) compared to the larger outbreak population. Substance abuse was reported by almost half of the cases, a risk factor associated with the larger outbreak.
In terms of the outbreak as a whole, primary cases range in age from 20 to 87 years with median age of 42 years. The majority are male (63 percent) and have been hospitalized (85.6 percent). Eighteen deaths are associated with the outbreak. Forty-eight percent of cases reported illicit drug use, 27.5 percent were co-infected with hepatitis C, and 3 percent were co-infected with hepatitis B. Six percent report recent incarceration, and 7.7 percent of men reported having sex with men. Transmission has primarily been person-to-person with no single source identified.
The hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for MSM by the national Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Despite this guidance, hepatitis A vaccination coverage among MSM in the United States remains low leaving many adult men unprotected. There are currently multiple hepatitis A outbreaks among MSM in the United States and Western European countries.
MDHHS urges all men who have sex with men to get vaccinated against hepatitis A to protect themselves and their close contacts. Hepatitis A vaccine is available at local pharmacies, through healthcare providers, or at local health departments. One dose of hepatitis A vaccine is at least 90 percent effective at preventing infection if given before any exposure to hepatitis A. The vaccine is inactivated and safe for all individuals including those with liver disease or weakened immune systems.
MDHHS and local public health officials are working to quickly investigate cases as they are identified, as well as notify the healthcare community and encourage providers to speak with their patients about hepatitis A, increase vaccinations, and test for hepatitis A when appropriate. These activities include:
- On September 18, the state Medicaid program issued a letter to healthcare providers about the outbreak, testing information, including prevention, testing, and treatment information. This letter was sent to 5,069 Medicaid-enrolled providers and another 11,758 providers and interested parties signed up for Medicaid updates.
- There are ongoing vaccination campaigns in Macomb, Oakland, and St. Clair jails, substance use treatment centers, and homeless centers, as well as discussions with the Michigan Department of Corrections about implementing a vaccination campaign in the Detroit Receiving Center and Detroit Detention Center.
- MDHHS is working with Detroit Health Department and regional Emergency Departments to implement a vaccination campaign targeting at-risk patients.
- Supported by contracted nurses from the Visiting Nurse Association, MI Volunteer Registry volunteers, and MDHHS, local health departments are partnering with community organizations to provide hepatitis A vaccine to at-risk individuals.
For local vaccine clinic information and availability, residents are encouraged to contact their local health department:
- Detroit Health Department, 313-876-4000
- Ingham County Health Department, 517-887-4316
- Lapeer County Health Department, 810-667-0448
- Livingston County Health Department, 517-546-9850
- Macomb County Health Department, 586-469-5372
- Monroe County Health Department, 734-240-7800
- Oakland County Health Division, 800-848-5533 or noc@oakgov.com
- Sanilac County Health Department, 810-648-4098
- Clair County Health Department, 810-987-5300
- Washtenaw County Health Department, 734-554-6700
- Wayne County Communicable Disease Unit, 734-727-7078
More information about hepatitis A, the ongoing outbreak in Michigan, and current recommendations are available at www.mi.gov/hepatitisAoutbreak and www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav.
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