The web Browser you are currently using is unsupported, and some features of this site may not work as intended. Please update to a modern browser such as Chrome, Firefox or Edge to experience all features Michigan.gov has to offer.
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease. The organism Histoplasma causes histoplasmosis.1 The fungal disease happens when a person breathes in fungal spores from infected soil or other decomposing matter that is disturbed (digging in dirt, raking leaves, etc.). Infected soil often contains bird or bat droppings. Histoplasma is found in some central and eastern states including Michigan.2
Most people who breathe in Histoplasma spores do not get sick. Those people who do get sick may develop fever, cough and fatigue. Most people get better on their own without treatment. Infection can be severe in some people, such as those with weakened immune systems.3
Between 2016-2020, an average of 186 human cases of histoplasmosis were reported each year to the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS).4
Histoplasmosis data are available on the MiTracking Data Portal.
-
Causes
Histoplasma is a dimorphic fungus, which means it exists in two different forms, mold and yeast, based on temperature. It grows as a mold at outside air temperatures. The mold develops spores called conidia. Disturbing contaminated soil can lead to breathing in fungal spores. The spores then transform into a yeast at higher temperatures found inside the human body. The yeast can stay in the lungs or spread through the bloodstream to other parts of the body.2
For more information, visit CDC – About Histoplasmosis.
-
Risk Factors
Anyone can get histoplasmosis if they have been in an area where Histoplasma lives.2
Some people are at higher risk for severe illness, including:
- People who have weakened immune systems, such as those who:
- Are living with HIV/AIDS.
- Have had an organ transplant.
- Are taking medications, such as corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents.
- Infants.
- Adults aged 55 years and older.
- People who have weakened immune systems, such as those who:
-
How is Histoplasmosis Spread?
Histoplasmosis does not spread from person to person. Organ transplants have passed the infection in rare cases.4
For more information, visit CDC – Reducing Risk for Histoplasmosis.
-
Symptoms
Most people never have symptoms. Other people may have symptoms that go away on their own. Symptoms occur within three to 17 days after breathing in the fungal spores.
Histoplasmosis symptoms include:
- Body aches.
- Chest pain.
- Chills.
- Cough.
- Fatigue.
- Fever.
- Headache.
Severe disease is more common in people with weakened immune systems. The infection can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body.3
For more information, visit CDC - Symptoms of Histoplasmosis.
-
Prevention
Some people (see “Risk Factors”) are at higher risk for severe disease.
People with weakened immune systems should avoid:
- Disturbing organic material with bird or bat droppings (for example, digging in soil, chopping wood).
- Cleaning chicken coops.
- Exploring caves.
- Cleaning, remodeling or tearing down old buildings.
Professional companies specializing in hazardous waste removal should clean up large amounts of bird or bat droppings.
For more information, visit CDC – Reducing Risk for Histoplasmosis and Occupational Histoplasmosis – Prevention Measures.
-
Testing and Treatment
Healthcare providers will first gather information about a patient’s1:
- Medical and travel history.
- Symptoms.
They will then conduct a physical examination.
Healthcare providers can test for histoplasmosis by collecting a blood or urine sample. A patient’s healthcare provider will order more tests as needed.
In pneumonia patients who are not getting better on antibiotics, physicians need to rule out histoplasmosis or other fungal infections.
For severe, chronic or disseminated cases, antifungal medication is recommended.5
For more information, visit CDC – Fungal Diseases.
-
Data - MiTracking
MiTracking Histoplasmosis Indicators
- Number of human cases of histoplasmosis.
MiTracking Data Can Tell Us
- The number of human cases of histoplasmosis by year of onset, both statewide and by county of residence.
- The rate of histoplasmosis cases statewide.
- If the number or incidence of human cases of histoplasmosis is going up or down over time.
MiTracking Data Cannot Tell Us
- Where the person was exposed to the Histoplasma organism.
- A person’s likelihood of getting histoplasmosis.
Find Out More
Histoplasmosis is reportable in certain states, including Michigan. Physicians and laboratories are required to report suspected cases of histoplasmosis to the Michigan Disease Surveillance System or the local health department.
For additional data information, visit:
- About These Data (found on the data portal after a query search).
- Metadata (technical information about the content, quality and context of the data).
-
Learn More
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Multistate Epidemiology of Histoplasmosis, United States, 2011–2014 (Healthcare providers)
Travel-Associated Infections and Diseases: Histoplasmosis
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
What Employers Need to Know about Histoplasmosis (Fact Sheet)
-
Citations
1. CDC. Histoplasmosis. About Histoplasmosis. https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/about/index.html. Accessed August 21, 2024
2. CDC. Histoplasmosis. How People Get Histoplasmosis. https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/causes/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/histoplasmosis/causes.html. Accessed August 21, 2024.
3. CDC. Histoplasmosis. Symptoms of Histoplasmosis. https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/signs-symptoms/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/histoplasmosis/symptoms.html. Accessed August 21, 2024.
4. CDC. Histoplasmosis. Reducing Risk for Histoplasmosis. https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/prevention/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/histoplasmosis/risk-prevention.html. Accessed August 21, 2024.
5. American Lung Association. Treating and Preventing Histoplasmosis. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/histoplasmosis/treatment. Accessed August 21, 2024.