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Chickenpox Information for the Public
Chickenpox (also called varicella) is a virus that causes an itchy, blister-like rash.
Chickenpox can be serious, especially in people with weakened immune systems.
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Transmission (Spread)
Chickenpox is very contagious. Most people who are not immune will become ill when they are close to someone who has the virus.
Chickenpox is spread by breathing in virus particles or even touching them.
An infected person can spread chickenpox to others 1 to 2 days before the rash begins, until all the lesions of the rash have scabbed over.
About Chickenpox (Varicella) - (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Prevention
The vaccine for chickenpox (varicella) is called Varivax. It was introduced in 1995.
The routine schedule for vaccination is:
- First doses between 12 and 15 months of age.
- Second dose between the ages of 4 and 6.
- Everyone should get two doses of chickenpox vaccine if they have never had chickenpox or were never vaccinated.
The chickenpox vaccine can provide life-long protection from chickenpox. Most people who get the vaccine will not get chickenpox.
A person can get chickenpox more than once, but it is not common.
A person who has been vaccinated can also sometimes get chickenpox, but they usually get a mild case. They can still spread chickenpox to others.
Chickenpox Vaccination (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of chickenpox begin 10-21 days after first exposure. Symptoms may start 1-2 days before the rash. The rash lasts 5-10 days.
Symptoms of chickenpox include:
- Raised pink or red bumps
- Fluid filled blister bumps
- Crusts and scabs that cover the broken blisters
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Headache
- Tiredness and a general feeling of being unwell
About Chickenpox (Varicella) - (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Risk of Disease
Risk of Disease
- Before vaccination, there were an estimated four million cases per year in the U.S.
- Before vaccination, an average of 10,500 people per year were hospitalized with complications due to chickenpox.
- Since the first chickenpox vaccine was licensed in 1995, the number of cases of chickenpox has fallen more than 95%.
- Chickenpox is especially dangerous for immunocompromised children and adults and can result in death.
Chapter 22: Varicella | Pink Book (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Reporting
Chickenpox is a notifiable disease. A notifiable disease is one that doctors must report to state or local public health officials.
Public health officials track some diseases because they can spread easily, are serious, or happen often.
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Questions About
Get answers to frequently asked questions about Chickenpox and the vaccine used to prevent it.
Varicella (Chickenpox): Questions and Answers (immunize.org)
Chickenpox Vaccine Saves Lives Infographic (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Video: Why do Children Need the Chickenpox Vaccine? (American Academy of Pediatrics)
Clear Answers and Smart Advice About Your Baby's Shots (immunize.org)
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For More Information
Chickenpox Vaccination
About Chickenpox (Varicella) - (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Impact of U.S. Chickenpox Vaccination Program (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)How Vaccines Work
Video: How Do Vaccines Work? (American Academy of Pediatrics)
Spanish version: ¿Cómo funcionan las vacunas? (American Academy of Pediatrics) -
Access Your Immunization Record
If you have been immunized in the State of Michigan, you may be able to download your immunization record from the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR).
Visit the Michigan Immunization Portal to learn more or contact your healthcare provider.