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Influenza
The seasonal influenza viruses are detected year-round in the United States, but they are usually most active during the fall and winter. This is called "flu season."
Many people use the word "flu" when talking about a severe cold or a stomach virus, but these are not the same as influenza.
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Avian Influenza - Bird FluFor information on H5N1, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), also called Bird Flu:
Data and Surveillance:
H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Influenza A (H5N1) Information (MDHHS)
About Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza:
Information for farm workers:
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) (Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development)H5N1 Bird Flu Resource for Agricultural Producers (Public Health Collaborative)
For poultry owners and hunters:
What To Know About Bird Flu (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Transmission (Spread)
Influenza viruses spread by tiny droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze, or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby.
Sometimes a person can get influenza by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or eyes.
While influenza A viruses infect humans and other animals, influenza B viruses infect only humans.
About Influenza (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Prevention
Influenza vaccination has been shown to reduce flu-related illnesses and the risk of serious flu complications that can result in hospitalization or even death.
Influenza Vaccination Schedule:
- 1 dose each influenza season for persons age 9 years or older
- 1 or 2 doses each influenza season for children age 6 months through 8 years
- 1 dose if 2 or more doses are documented prior to July 1
- 2 doses administered at least 4 weeks apart if 2 or more doses are not documented prior to July 1
CDC recommends influenza vaccination by the end of October.
- This gives the body time to develop immunity before cases usually spread in the community
- The influenza vaccination can still be given at any time during the season.
- There are different types of flu vaccine:
- Ask your healthcare provider which flu vaccine is right for you.
CDC also recommends everyday preventive actions including:
- staying away from people who are sick
- covering coughs and sneezes,
- frequent handwashing
- taking steps for cleaner air
Learn more about core and additional strategies for preventing respiratory illness
Influenza viruses are constantly changing. Each year, public health authorities study data and decide which types of influenza virus to include in the year's vaccine.
About Influenza (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Signs and Symptoms
Flu can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Flu symptoms usually come on suddenly. People who have flu often feel some or all of these signs and symptoms:
- fever* or feeling feverish/chills
- (*not everyone with flu will have a fever)
- cough
- sore throat
- runny or stuffy nose
- muscle or body aches
- headaches
- fatigue (tiredness)
- some people may have vomiting and diarrhea- this is more common in children than adults.
About Influenza (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Risk of Disease
Anyone can get flu (including healthy people), and serious problems related to flu can happen at any age.
Some people are at higher risk of developing serious flu-related complications if they get sick. This includes:
- people 65 years and older,
- people of any age with certain chronic medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease)
- people with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 kg/m2or higher,
- pregnant people,
- children younger than five years,
- People living in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities
Deaths from influenza
- On average, more than 37,000 people die from influenza every year in the U.S.
- 80% of deaths are usually in people age 65 and older.
Children under 5 are at high risk
- Influenza causes more hospitalization among young children than any other vaccine-preventable disease
- In the 2019-2020 flu season, a record 199 children died from influenza in the U.S.
- 7 Michigan children died from influenza in the 2023-2024 flu season.
- Children less than 6 months old are too young to receive a flu vaccine.
- Vaccination of pregnant mothers helps protect these infants.
- Vaccination of family members and others who spend time with infants also helps protect them.
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Reporting
Influenza is a notifiable disease. A notifiable disease is one that doctors must report to state or local public health officials.
Public health officials track some diseases because they can spread easily, are serious, or happen often.
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Questions About
Get answers to frequently asked questions about Influenza and the vaccine used to prevent it.
Influenza: Questions and Answers (immunize.org)
Video: When Should I Get the Flu Vaccine? (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
Video: Can a Flu Vaccine Give Me the Flu? (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
Video: What Is Changing in 2024-2025 Influenza Vaccines? (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
What is the difference between cold and the flu? (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Video: What is the difference between the common cold & “the flu”? (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
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For More Information
Influenza Vaccination
Influenza: The Disease & Vaccines | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Vaccines & Diseases - Influenza (Vaccinate Your Family)
History of Influenza and Influenza Vaccination
History of influenza vaccination (World Health Organization)
- With support from the US Army, the first inactivated flu vaccine was developed by Thomas Francis and Jonas Salk at the University of Michigan.
American Experience: Influenza 1918 (PBS)
How Vaccines Work
Video: How Do Vaccines Work? (American Academy of Pediatrics)
Spanish version: ¿Cómo funcionan las vacunas? (American Academy of Pediatrics) -
Access Your Immunization Record
If you have been immunized in the State of Michigan, you may be able to download your immunization record from the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR).
Visit the Michigan Immunization Portal to learn more or contact your healthcare provider.