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Health emergencies linked to recreational nitrous oxide use increase significantly
June 04, 2025
LANSING, Mich. – The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) is warning residents about a dramatic increase in emergency health care incidents related to recreational use of nitrous oxide or “laughing gas” in Michigan.
Calls to the Michigan Poison and Drug Information Center (MiPDC) involving recreational nitrous oxide use and its adverse health effects increased by 533% from 2019 to 2024. Emergency medical service responses related to nitrous oxide misuse increased by 553% in that same time frame, and emergency department visits also increased by 757% from 2019 to 2023.
“The drug landscape is constantly changing and the increases in nitrous oxide misuse are concerning, given the widespread availability of the product and the increase in multiple substance use,” said Dr. Natasha Bagdasarian, chief medical executive. “It is crucial that individuals who use nitrous oxide are aware of the risks of chronic use and take steps to reduce its harms.”
Nitrous oxide is used in medical settings as an anesthetic and analgesic, as well as commercially in steel aerosol whipped cream dispensers. It can be bought online or at grocery and convenience stores and smoke/vape shops. Nitrous oxide products come in a variety of flavors and are often marketed to young individuals.
Nitrous oxide is used recreationally because it is widely available and can induce euphoria, relaxation and a hallucinogenic state. However, chronic use can have serious adverse health effects. As of 2024, state law prohibits the sale of objects specifically designed for recreational nitrous oxide use.
“This is a serious public health problem. At the MiPDC, our consultants are encountering a significant increase in cases involving neurological and cardiovascular effects related to the recreational use of nitrous oxide,” said Dr. Varun Vohra, MiPDC senior director and clinical toxicologist. “Individuals who use nitrous oxide and clinicians who treat them should be aware of the symptoms and long-term risks associated with chronic recreational misuse.”
Frequent or long-term use can lead to severe neurological damage and negative psychiatric effects. Symptoms can include weakness, numbness/tingling, loss of sensations in arms or legs, memory impairment, delusions, depression and mood changes. Severe effects can include hypoxia (low oxygen in blood) and asphyxiation.
Anyone who notices concerning symptoms after using nitrous oxide recreationally should immediately stop and seek emergency medical care. Individuals can also call the MiDPC anytime at 800-222-1222 for more information or consultation with board-certified toxicologists.
For more information, see this recent Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report publication.
Comprehensive substance use disorder (SUD) services are offered throughout Michigan to support the health and well-being of residents impacted by SUDs. Additional information is available at Michigan.gov/SUD.
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